Functional nanostructures and chemical systems by confined self-assembly: Construction principles and molecular transport processes

有机分子或胶体纳米粒子在密闭空间内的自组装是生产新型功能纳米材料和化学系统的有效策略。该项目的目标是构建新的多孔材料，这些材料具有特定的纳米结构，具有定制的几何形状或在限制下的相互作用。将阐明相关制剂的结构原理，并将特别关注分子传递分析，通过各种核磁共振方法进行系统研究。后者将用于结构分析以及支持各种有关职能的机制。基于之前取得的成果，我们将把准备工作扩展到更具挑战性的系统，这些系统具有复杂的三维结构，其复杂性和功能不断增加，这将伴随着通过输运研究进行孔隙结构分析。重点在以下四个方面：A)合理设计和合成一系列可聚合的两亲分子。结合溶胶-凝胶化学，限制在中间相的自组装分子将用于生产定义良好的聚合物、碳和金属纳米材料。B)这些多孔结构将通过核磁共振扩散研究和磁共振成像来表征，以阐明孔隙结构，特别关注各向异性材料和Li+离子输运，探索它们作为电解质材料的潜力。C)将微流体中的单分散液滴作为一个密闭空间，设计出具有分层孔结构的均匀功能粒子，包括具有可控内部孔结构的光子逆蛋白石微球，并将该方法进一步扩展到mof和金纳米粒子组装。D)扩散研究将产生关于分层孔系统的结构信息，目的是证明功能，例如通过阴离子交换或无水离子传导系统控制孔的门控。

Self-assembly of organic molecules or colloidal nanoparticles in a confined space represents an efficient strategy for producing novel functional nanomaterials and chemical systems. The aim of this project is to construct new porous materials, which exhibit specific nanostructures with tailored geometries or interactions in confinement. The construction principles underlying the related preparations will be elucidated, and a particular focus will be given to molecular transport analysis, to be systematically investigated by various NMR methods. The latter will serve structural analysis as well as supporting the mechanisms of various related functions.Based on the results achieved previously, we will extend the preparative efforts to more challenging systems with intricate three-dimensional structures of increasing complexity and functionality, which will be accompanied by pore structure analysis through transport studies. The emphasis will be on the following four aspects: A) A series of polymerizable amphiphilic molecules will be rationally designed and synthesized. In conjunction with sol-gel chemistry the self-assembled molecules confined in mesophases will be used to produce well-defined polymeric, carbon and metallic nanomaterials. B) These porous structures will be characterized by NMR diffusion studies and MR imaging to elucidate pore structures, with a particular focus on anisotropic materials and Li+ ion transport exploring their potential as electrolyte materials. C) By using monodisperse droplets in microfluidics as a confined space, uniform functional particles with hierarchical porous structure will be designed, including photonic inverse opal microspheres with controlled internal pore structure, and further extending the approach to MOFs and gold nanoparticle assemblies. D) Diffusion studies will yield structural information about the hierarchical pore systems with the aim to demonstrate functionality, for example controlled gating of pores by anion exchange or water-free ion conducting systems.