The Impact of Information and Communication Technologies on the Collective Intelligence of Human Groups

人类群体的协作在工作生活中广泛传播。熟练的小组工作是一项重要的组织资产，组织热衷于组建员工和成员的高绩效小组，并为这些小组提供技术支持。因此，信息和通信技术（ICT）的使用使小组工作能够跨越自然边界，如地点和时间，虚拟协作在数字化的背景下变得更加普遍。每个个体群体成员都有一个一般的个体智力水平。同样，研究表明，每个群体都有一定程度的集体智慧。一个群体的集体智慧特别描述了它在各种认知任务上表现良好的内在能力。然而，由于这种意义上的集体智慧最初是在传统的面对面环境中合作的群体中发现的，今天的科学无法确定这种现象是否也出现在当代数字环境中。在这一领域的第一批研究中，没有相关的理论或令人信服的经验证据表明信通技术对人类群体集体智慧的产生和结构的影响。因此，本项目提案旨在调查具有不同程度媒体能力的信通技术如何影响人类群体集体智慧的存在和结构。对研究状况的全面分析和自己对集体智慧的初步实验突出了在这一领域进一步研究的必要性。一个为期18个月的工作计划，建议分析的信息和通信技术支持的小组工作的集体智慧的出现和结构。主要方法是在受控环境中进行实验室实验，以严格建立经验证据，并采用因素分析技术分析数据。

Collaboration of human groups is widely spread in work life. Being skilled at group work is an important organisational asset and organisations are keen on forming high performance groups of their employees and members and to equip these groups with technology support. Thereby, the use of information and communication technologies (ICTs) allows group work to cross natural boundaries such as place and time and virtual collaboration becomes ever more present in light of digitization. Each individual group member has a level of general individual intelligence. Likewise, research suggests that each group has a certain level of collective intelligence. A group's collective intelligence in particular describes its inherent ability to perform well on a wide variety of cognitive tasks. However, as collective intelligence in this sense was initially detected in the context of groups collaborating in a traditional face-to-face context, science today is indecisive whether the phenomenon also emerges in contemporary digital contexts. When looking at the first studies in this area, there is no pertinent theorizing or convincing empirical evidence concerning the impact of ICTs on the occurrence and structure of collective intelligence in human groups. Therefore, the project proposal at hand aims at investigating how the existence and structure of collective intelligence in human groups is impacted by ICTs with varying degrees of media capacity. A comprehensive analysis of the state of the research and an own preliminary experiment on collective intelligence highlight the need for further research in this area. A work program spanning 18 month is suggested, to analyze the emergence and structure of collective intelligence in ICT-supported group work. The primary methodologies are a laboratory experiment to rigorously establish empirical evidence in a controlled environment and factor-analytical techniques to analyse the data.