Psychiatry and Subjectivity. Experiences of Patients in West German Psychiatric Institutions from the 1960s to the Present.

精神病学的经验挑战了病人的自我认知。但是，在精神疾病的形象和精神病院改革的背景下，这种自我认知有时会发生戏剧性的变化。这个研究项目探讨了精神健康消费者的自我认知，从20世纪60年代到现在，精神病学的实践已经改变了制度的变化。我们描述了（前）患者的主观性，即他们的形式和策略，重新获得代理和自主权，这是他们的精神病学经验所质疑的。这种探索既指目前的辩论在精神病学领域的病人自主权与约束，以及在公共卫生政策的新范式，包括积极主动的病人和prevention.We扩大和解释现有的数据的叙事访谈与消费者的精神卫生机构，并把我们的结果与历史研究的精神病学的转变。因此，我们描述了（前）患者的主观性，并把他们在精神病学实践的变化。通过这些手段，我们提供了一个类型学的解释模式的病人的主体地位，心理化的自我。这一结果与社会学的基础研究相关，并揭示了精神科改革对患者自我感知的重要性。

The experience of psychiatry challenges patients' self-perceptions. But this self-perception changes, sometimes dramatically, against the background of transformations in both the images of mental illness and reforms in psychiatric institutions. This research project explores the self-perceptions of mental-health consumers in view of the institutional changes that have transformed the practice of psychiatry from the 1960s to the present. We describe the subjectifications of (former) patients, i.e. their forms and strategies of regaining the agency and autonomy which had been questioned by their experiences of psychiatry. This exploration refers both to current debates in the psychiatric field about patient autonomy versus restraint as well as to new paradigms in public health policy, including proactivity of patients and prevention.We broaden and interpret the existing data of narrative interviews with consumers of mental health institutions, and place our results in relation to historical research on the transition of psychiatry. Thereby we describe subjectifications of (former) patients and put them in context of changes in psychiatric practice. By these means we offer a typology of interpretation patterns of the patient's subject status, the psychatrized self. This result bears relevance for basic research in sociology and sheds light on the significance of psychiatric reforms for the self-perception of patients.