The Governance of Defiance

反抗是对社会秩序的威胁。出于这个原因，设立了制裁机构，通过法律、财政和有时是身体手段惩罚挑衅者。制度上的理由是，在最坏的情况下，反抗将被压制，在最好的情况下，顺从将取而代之。以这种方式处理反抗的不利和意想不到的后果日益暴露出来。因此，为了对自己的行为负责，当局已开始制定更负责任和更审慎的制度。但他们也需要知道如何解读反抗。什么时候反抗是对合理请求的不恰当回应？什么时候反抗是制度失败的反映？这个项目可以为这样的决策提供信息。

Defiance is a threat to social order. For this reason sanctioning institutions are in place to punish the defiant through legal, financial and sometimes physical means. The institutional rationale is that, at worst defiance will be silenced and at best, compliance will take its place. Increasingly, adverse and unexpected consequences of dealing with defiance in this way have been exposed. To be accountable for their actions, therefore, authorities have begun to develop more responsive and deliberative systems. But they also need to know how to read defiance. When is defiance an inappropriate response to a more than reasonable request? And when is defiance a reflection of institutional failure? This project can inform such decision making.