Multimodal Distribution Grid Control for the Decentralized Provision of Ancillary Services

今天，输电网和配电网运营商通过对电力系统管理的持续监测和持续干预来确保电力供应的质量、安全和可靠性，以便将电网设备的电网频率、电压和负荷保持在允许的范围内。电压和频率稳定是所谓的辅助服务，主要由大型发电厂提供。随着能源结构向更多可再生能源的转变，配电网内发电量的不断增加，未来越来越多的辅助服务需要由这些分散的能源供应商以及智能存储系统和能源消费者来提供。因此，重点放在由几个耦合的能量域(例如，电、气、热)组成的配电网上。应为这些电网开发控制技术，以便除提供负荷的主要功能外，还提供辅助服务。在这里，将采取一种分散的蜂窝方法。能源单元这个术语描述了一个自治区域，该区域由具有发电功能的电网和不同能源领域的用户组成。此外，单个电池被耦合并连接到一个大型上级网络，即本项目不研究孤立的能源电网。所谓的单元协调器充当博弈论控制器，它与相邻单元协商权力交换，并向其各自单元内的级联控制器结构的从属控制器提供参数。不同多峰能量单元的博弈论控制以及它们之间的相互作用是完全未被探索的。IEH在电网领域的长期经验和系统理论分析所需的IRS的能力是最优的互补，以便对这样的细胞能源系统结构及其控制方案进行定量和定性的研究。

Today, transmission and distribution grid operators ensure quality, security and reliability of the electrical power supply by continuous monitoring and ongoing interventions in the power system management in order to keep grid frequency, voltage and load of power grid equipment within the permissible limits. Voltage and frequency stability are so-called ancillary services which are provided mainly by large power plants. Due to changes in the energy mix towards more renewable energy sources (RES) and therefore the increasing amount of electrical energy production within the distribution grid, ancillary services have to be provided in future more and more by these decentralized energy suppliers as well as by intelligent storage systems and energy consumers.The project presented in this proposal investigates a novel approach for a stable decentralized control of multimodal energy grids. Thereby, the focus is on distribution grids consisting of several coupled energy domains (e.g. electrical, gas, heat). Control techniques shall be developed for these grids to provide ancillary services besides their primary function of supplying loads. Herein, a decentralized cellular approach will be pursued. The term energy cell describes an autonomous area consisting of grids with power generation and consumers of different energy domains. Furthermore, individual cells are coupled and are connected to a large superordinate network, i.e. this project does not investigate islanded energy grids. So-called cell coordinators act as game-theoretical controllers, which negotiate exchange of power with adjacent cells and provide parameters to subordinate controllers of the cascaded controller structure within their respective cell. The game-theoretical control of different multimodal energy cells and their interaction with each other is completely unexplored.The long-time experience of the IEH in the field of electrical power grids and the competences of the IRS required for system-theoretical analysis complement one another optimally in order to perform quantitative and qualitative investigations on such a cellular energy system structure and their control scheme.