Distribution and Function of Partitive articles in Romance (DiFuPaRo): a microvariation analysis

该项目的目的是详细描述不同类型的分词（PAs）的空间分布，即法语du/des和意大利语del/dei等元素，在瑞士和意大利北部的几个加洛语和Italo-罗曼语品种中：标准法语/意大利语，口语（瑞士）法语，法语provenalal （FrPr）和意大利北部方言（NID）。我们的研究目标是描述pa的位置和功能，这些pa在类型学上高度标记但却被忽视的元素（除了标准法语和意大利语的一些工作），在各自的罗曼语命名系统中：它们的形态学特性是什么，它们编码什么，它们在句子中的位置，它们如何与np内部（例如量词）和外部（例如否定）功能元素相互作用？这些总体问题的答案将拓宽我们对印欧语言（更具体地说，罗曼语）的名义决定和量化的理解，特别是关于已建立的类类型分类，如Chierchia 1998（罗曼语是没有分类器的数字标记语言）和基本作用和句法位置(Heycock/Zamparelli 2005, Borer 2005, Ihsane 2008，Mathieu 2014)在名词和（交际）概念化的内部结构中的计数-质量区别（Champollion/Krifka 2016）。为了回答这些问题，我们将主要利用现有的数据库，首先是在瑞士（OFROM：用于瑞士法语口语：法语法语口语语料库），ALAVAL用于法语口语：法语法语口语语料库，ALAVAL用于法语法语口语：法语法语口语语料库)，其次是在意大利（德国方向）用于北意大利(ASIt：通过在瑞士和意大利北部的实地调查，建立了一个共同的数据库，系统地了解所调查的罗曼语品种中不同类型的pa的语言学特性和地理分布。我们还将在微观变异的层面上解决类型学的一个基本问题：为什么我们会在我们所在的地方找到它们？，并首次提出了对浪漫语中代词的内部结构的形式化分析。我们相信，对密切相关的语言/变体中可观察到的分词的微变化进行的首次详细比较调查有助于我们理解这些元素的确切功能，并将为后续研究更多罗曼语变体（francprovenaltal, Occitan， Central/Southern Italian方言，cf. Cardinaletti/Giusti 2016）建立工作工具（标签集，数据库）。由于本研究项目侧重于调查非标准濒危品种，其重要性还在于记录仅在非正式语境中使用的罗曼语品种的未知特征，这些特征与理解语言接触问题高度相关（例如，语法特征在空间中的分布，Bickel 2007）。

The aim of the project is to provide a detailed description of the spatial distribution of different types of partitive articles (PAs), i.e. elementslike French du/des and Italian del/dei, in several Gallo- and Italo- Romance varieties, in Switzerland and Northern Italy: Standard French/Italian, colloquial (Swiss) French, Francoprovençal (FrPr) andNorthern Italian dialects (NID). Our research objective is to describe the place and function of PAs, typologically highly marked and yet quite neglected elements (besides some work on Standard French and Italian), inside the respective Romance systems of nominaldetermination: what are their morphological properties, what do they encode, where are they found in the sentence, how do they interact with NP-internal (e.g. quantifiers) and -external (e.g. negation) functional elements? The answers to these overarching questions willbroaden our understanding of nominal determination and quantification in Indo-European languages (more specifically Romance), particularly with respect to established typologicalclassifications like that in Chierchia 1998c (Romance languages as number-marking languages without classifiers) and the fundamental role and syntactic locus (Heycock/Zamparelli 2005, Borer 2005, Ihsane 2008, Mathieu 2014) of the count-mass distinction in the internal structure of nominals and (communicative) conceptualization (Champollion/Krifka 2016). To answer these questions, we will mainly exploit existing databases, first, in Switzerland (OFROM: for colloquial Swiss Frenchs: Corpus oral de français de Suisse romande, ALAVAL for Francoprovençal: Atlas linguistique audiovisuel du francoprovençal valaisan) and, second, in Italy (direction in Germany) for Northern Italy (ASIt: Atlante sintattico d'Italia), completed by fieldwork in Switzerland and Northern Italy, to set up a common database givinginsights systematically into the linguistics properties and geographical distribution of different types of PAs in the Romance varieties under investigation. We will also tackle a fundamental question of typology, on the level of microvariation: Why do we find them where we do?, and propose first formal analyses of the internal structure of nominals with PAs in Romance. We believe that this first detailed comparative investigation into the observable microvariation around partitive articles in closely related languages/varieties helps us understand the precise function(s) of these elements and will establish working tools(tagset, database) for subsequent research into more Romance varieties (Francoprovençal, Occitan, Central/Southern Italian dialects, cf. Cardinaletti/Giusti 2016). As this research project focuses on investigating non-standard endangered varieties, its importance liesalso in documenting unknown features of Romance varieties used in informal contexts only, which are highly relevant to understand issues of language contact (e.g. distribution of grammatical features in space, Bickel 2007).