Study of cloud condensation nuclei and ice nucleating particles during the Antarctic Circumnavigation Expedition (ACE)

南大洋(SO)地区是地球上最原始的气溶胶环境，但几乎整个地区都被认为采样不足。作为前工业化-类-气溶胶气候效应研究-(SPACE)项目的合作伙伴，我们参与了史无前例的南极环航考察(ACE)，这给了我们在这一偏远地区进行高质量气溶胶测量的独特机会。总的来说，ACE-SPACE旨在详细描述原始气溶胶的特征，这种气溶胶不受人为污染的影响，因此代表着一种可与工业前大气中的气溶胶相媲美的气溶胶。我们，即TROPOS在ACE-SPACE的背景下，特别关注与气候有关的气溶胶云相互作用所涉及的气溶胶颗粒，特别是能够作为云凝结(CCN)的颗粒，以及能够成核冰(INP)的颗粒。在ACE期间，我们将在俄罗斯破冰船阿卡德米克·特雷奥什尼科夫号上进行为期3个月的与INP和CCN相关的连续现场测量，并进行气溶胶颗粒过滤器采样。由于在ACE-SPACE中，我们只获得了对过滤样品进行测量和化学表征的资助，因此我们在此申请资助(主要是1名博士生，67%为期三年)，用于对收集的样品和数据进行科学评估、物理分析和解释。建议的工作将产生关于SO区域INP和CCN数浓度的独特数据，以及关于INP冰核、CCNS和激活行为的信息。这些数据将与气象信息(例如反向轨迹)和采样气溶胶颗粒的化学成分信息联系起来，以确定INPS和CCNS来源。在本提案框架内汇编的关于工业化前的CCN和INP的量化信息在战略文件中提供，但也被我们在ACE-SPACE项目中的合作伙伴用来评估和限制全球模型和卫星检索方法。

The Southern Ocean (SO) region is the most pristine aerosol environment on Earth, but almost the entire region is considered as under-sampled. As partner of the -Study of Preindustrial-like-Aerosol Climate Effects- (SPACE) project we participate in the unprecedented Antarctic Circumnavigation Expedition (ACE), giving us the unique opportunity to conduct high quality aerosol measurements in this remote region. ACE-SPACE in general aims at a detailed characterization of the pristine aerosol which is unaffected by anthropogenic pollution and therefore represents an aerosol comparable to that in a pre-industrial atmosphere. Our, i.e., TROPOS special focus in context of ACE-SPACE is on aerosol particles involved in climate relevant aerosol cloud interactions, specifically on particles able to act as cloud condensation (CCN), as well as particles able to nucleate ice (INP). During ACE we will perform 3 months of continuous INP- and CCN-related in-situ measurements together with aerosol particle filter sampling on-board the Russian ice-breaker Akademik Tryoshnikov. As within ACE-SPACE we are only funded for carrying out the measurements, and chemical characterization of the filter samples, here we apply for funding (mainly 1 PhD student, 67% for three years) for the scientific evaluation, physical analysis, and interpretation of the collected samples and data. The suggested work will yield unique data concerning INP and CCN number concentrations in the SO region, as well as information with respect to the INPs ice nucleation and CCNs and activation behaviour. These data will be linked with meteorological information (e.g. back trajectories) and information on the chemical composition of the sampled aerosol particles for identifying the INPs and CCNs sources. The quantitative information on preindustrial-like CCN and INP compiled in the framework of the present proposal are made available within the SPP, but are also used by our partners within the ACE-SPACE project to evaluate and constrain global models and satellite retrieval methods.