Pantelleria - Bridgehead of Carthage and outpost of Rome. From the Punic base to the Roman town: archaeological research on the fortification and the public place

在这里适用于(意大利)中地中海岛屿潘特莱里亚岛雅典卫城的建议，对布匿要塞和罗马公共场所的调查都是有效的。这两个要素对于社区的象征性表现都是至关重要的：虽然防御工事在其外部的语义中是直接的，但公共场所首先在内部发挥作用。对于这两个复合体及其城市化改造过程的示范性分析，选择地点是最佳的：聚落的保存非常好，发现环境的地层日期允许有价值的年代学证据。这一见证表明，对公元前1世纪下半叶地中海中部形成事件的新影响将被所应用的项目批准：可能是从4美分下旬开始的防御工事的最早建造阶段。到早些时候3分。公元前311-306年，迦太基和锡拉丘兹之间的军事冲突可能与此有关。或伊皮鲁斯的皮洛夫对西西里(公元前278-275年)迦太基史诗中的城镇发起的运动。其他建设阶段显然与3美分和2美分的布匿战争有关。或随着迦太基毁灭后地中海中部地区海盗活动的增加(公元前146年)以及阿皮恩在性之下提到的防御工事。公元前30年代的庞贝。在两座布匿要塞的山丘之间，罗马人居住的地方位于一条沟壑中。它的早期安排是指罗马统治区在布匿身份、岛屿位置和新政治现实三角地带的一种特定形式的一体化。从总体上讲，它将有可能重建历史和城市规划，主要是在与西西里岛的希腊尺子的冲突中整合，后来融入到与罗马的斗争中。从最后的3美分开始。公元前三世纪，Pantelleria从迦太基的一个重要桥头堡发展成为罗马控制的前哨，最晚在奥古斯都统治下发展成为罗马市政当局，但不否认当地传统。

The proposal applied here on the Acropolis of the Central-Mediterranean island Pantelleria (Italy) is valid for the investigation of the Punic fortification as well as of the roman public place. Both elements are crucial for the symbolic representation of a community: while fortifications are directed in its semantics outwardly, public places work above all inwards. For an exemplary analysis of both complexes and their urbanistic transformation processes the choice of the site is optimal: the preservation of the settlement is excellent, stratigraphic dates of the find-contexts allow a valuable chronological evidence. This witness indicates a high impact for a new sight on the formative incidents of the 2nd half of the 1th millennium B.C. in the central Mediterranean to be approved by the applied project: The probable earliest construction phase of the fortifications from the late 4. cent. to early 3. cent. B.C. could be related to the military conflicts between Carthage and Agathocletian Syracuse (311-306 B. C. ) or to the campaign of Pyrrhos of Epirus against the towns of the Carthaginian epicracy on Sicily (278-275 B.C. ). Other construction phases can apparently be associated with the Punic wars of the 3. and 2. cent. B.C. or with the increase of piracy in the central Mediterranean area after the destruction of Carthage (in 146 B.C. ) as well as with the fortification mentioned by Appian under Sex. Pompeius in the 30s B.C. Between both Punic fortified hills the Roman place lies in a gully. Its early arrangement refers to a specific form of integration in the Roman ruling area in the triangle of Punic identity, insular locality and new political reality.On the whole it will be possible to reconstruct history and urban planning, integrated primarily in the conflicts with the Greek rulers of Sicily and afterwards into struggle with Rome. From the end of 3. cent. B.C. Pantelleria developed from an important bridgehead of Carthage to a Roman controlled outpost and at the latest under Augustus to a Roman municipium without denying local traditions.