The Stratigraphy of the Bronze and Iron Age settlement mound Feudvar near Mosorin, Serbia. GIS supported 3D analysis based on the analogue documentation of excavation

从1968年到1993年，由Bernhard Hänsel(柏林自由大学)和PreDrag Medović(诺维萨德伏伊伏丁那的Muzeum)领导的跨学科项目合作进行，目的是研究塞尔维亚奥林Moš附近的Feudvar多层设防定居点的青铜时代和铁器时代阶段。由德国研究基金会(Deutsche Forschungsgmeinschaft-DFG)资助的挖掘项目因南斯拉夫爆发战争而中断，直到今天才能继续进行。该项目包括四个月的挖掘季节和四个学习季节。对Feudvar的多层土丘进行了调查，共挖了四条挖掘沟，总面积约2000平方米，深达2.2米。虽然挖掘的某些部分和方面是许多贡献和少数博士论文的主题，但到目前为止，对所有四个挖掘战壕的实质性研究还没有完成。这一研究不足在很大程度上是由于缺乏年代化遗址地层学。因此，目前的项目旨在制定单个挖掘战壕和整个定居点土丘的整体地层学，地层序列以放射性碳年代为基础。在Feudvar的四个战壕中建立的地层序列和特征确保了现代挖掘文件的标准，从而能够在数字基础上分析定居点特征、考古发现和科学数据。在这个项目中，开展了一个复杂的基于计算机的地理信息学过程，从数据采集、数据准备、数据转换和数据分析到3D建模和可视化，直到Feudvar考古地层学的空间3D整个模型，包括以下数据输出和提供空间3D数据和3D模型Ingis数据格式。利用地层学的专题信息定义考古三维特征单位及其序列，这些信息在项目内设计的相关数据库中表示、存储和提供，并使用哈里斯矩阵和大约100个放射性碳测年。在该项目中，正在采取新的方法，将旧发掘的模拟挖掘文件转换为相应的数字数据格式，并利用它们在三维地理信息系统中进行现代史前考古研究。如果地层学的空间和专题数据随后集成到3D地理信息系统中，并与其他相关项目中的考古或其他数据链接或组合，这将允许新的基于查询的分析和结果，从而为未来的研究获得知识。因此，为今后的调查创建了一个方便用户的数据库。

From 1968 to 1993 an interdisciplinary project cooperation led byBernhard Hänsel (Freie Universität Berlin) and Predrag Medović(Muzeum of Vojvodina in Novi Sad) was conducted with the goal toinvestigate the Bronze Age and Iron Age phases of the multilayerfortified settlement at Feudvar near Mošorin in Serbia. The excavationproject that was funded by the German Research Foundation(Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft – DFG) was interrupted by theoutbreak of war in Yugoslavia and could not be continued until today.The venture comprised four excavation seasons of several monthseach as well as four study seasons. The multilayered mound ofFeudvar was investigated by means of four excavation trenches ofcirca 2000 square meters total extent and reaching up to 2.2 m indepth. Although some sections and aspects of the excavations weresubjects of numerous contributions and a few doctoral dissertations,substantial study of all four excavation trenches could so far not beaccomplished. This research deficit is largely due to the lack of abinding site stratigraphy. The current project thus aims at working outan overall stratigraphy of the individual excavation trenches and of theentire settlement mound, with the stratigraphical sequence beingbased on radiocarbon dates. The stratigraphic sequences of layersand features established in the four trenches at Feudvar ensure thestandards of modern excavation documentation allowing for analysisof settlement features, of the archaeological finds and of scientificdata on a digital basis. Within this project a complex computer-basedprocess from geoinformatics is carried out, which ranges from datacapturing, data preparation, data conversion and data analysis overthe 3D modelling and visualization up to a spatial 3D entire model forthe archaeological stratigraphy of Feudvar, including the followingdata output and the providing of spatial 3D data and 3D models inGIS data formats. Defining archaeological 3D feature units and asequence of these are done using the thematic information ofstratigraphy, which are represented, stored and made available in therelational database designed within the project, as well as using aharris matrix and around 100 radiocarbon dates. Within the projectnew methodical approaches are being taken to transfer analogueexcavation documentation of old excavations into correspondingdigital data formats and to make use of them for a modern prehistoricarchaeological research in a 3D GIS. If the spatial and thematic dataof stratigraphy then integrated into a 3D GIS and linked or combined with additionally archaeological or other data in further relatedprojects this allows new query based analyzes and results, that serveto gain knowledge for future research. Thus an user-friendly databasis for future investigations is created.