Collective Choice Lotteries: Dealing with Randomization in Voting, Matching, and Allocation

从投票到匹配市场和公平分配，随机化在集体选择中发挥着越来越大的作用。事实证明，随机化不仅实现了事前公平，而且还规避了经典的不可能结果，如阿罗和吉巴德-萨特思韦特的定理。这些观察结果对人类社会以及利用集体选择规则进行决策的计算多智能体系统都很重要。本项目的目标是通过研究以下跨学科和相互关联的研究问题来提供随机化的综合处理：(i)什么时候可以接受集体选择彩票，（ii）代理如何比较彩票，以及（iii）如何实施随机规则。计划使用数学经济学和理论计算机科学的正式方法以及涉及人类受试者的实验来解决这些问题。将特别强调所考虑的应用程序领域的个别特性。

Randomization is playing an ever increasing role in collective choice with examples ranging from voting to matching markets and fair allocation. As it turned out, randomization not only enables ex ante fairness, but also the circumvention of classic impossibility results such as the theorems by Arrow and Gibbard-Satterthwaite. These observations are important for human societies as well as computational multiagent systems which draw on collective choice rules for decision-making. The goal of this project is to provide a comprehensive treatment of randomization by studying the following interdisciplinary and interrelated research questions: (i) when are collective choice lotteries acceptable, (ii) how do agents compare lotteries, and (iii) how can randomized rules be implemented. It is planned to address these questions using formal approaches from mathematical economics and theoretical computer science as well as experiments involving human subjects. Particular emphasis will be put on the individual peculiarities of the application domains under consideration.