Clause structure in heritage German

P5调查了讲传统德语的人的能力和表现，即父母一方或双方是德国移民的少数族裔讲德语的人的能力和表现。我们的主要关注点将是出生在美国或在婴儿时期移居美国的遗产演讲者。因此，德语是他们同时使用的第一语言之一(2L1)，或者说它是第一语言的先行者，而英语是主要的语言，紧随其后的是早期的第二语言(接触的年龄不晚于2-3岁)。P5将集中于与小句组织有关的因素(特别是关于词序、论元结构、表达限定性和大小写的形态句法特征)，密切关注它们潜在的模糊边缘。P5将把德国在美国的遗产曲目与P6提供的纳米比亚德国数据进行比较。将传统德语融入RUEG的整体语言谱中，使我们能够调查多数人和少数人的地位对双语使用者可以接触和使用的德语种类的影响，并与单语使用者的德语曲目进行比较。将少数民族德语纳入纳米比亚将使我们能够比较不同的社会语言环境和对个人和社会多种语言的态度所起的作用。与RUEG的其他项目一致，P5试图找出在定性和/或定量上与年龄相匹配的大多数讲德语的人的正式和非正式、口语和书面曲目(合资企业一，语言变化假说)不同的系统性非规范现象。P5将探索句法和其他层面之间的界面(外部和内部界面，合资企业II，界面假说)之间的理论相关性，并将有助于区分接触诱发的变化和内部动机的变化(合资企业III，内部动力学假说)。P5还将对讲传统德语的人和第一代德裔美国人进行比较，以确定哪些新奇的特性在讲传统双语的人的有生之年已经预示了。

P5 investigates the competence and performance of speakers of heritage German, i.e., of minority-language speakers with one or both parents German immigrants. Our main focus will be on heritage speakers who were born in the U.S. or who moved there in infancy. Hence German is one of their simultaneous first languages (2L1), or it had a headstart as L1, with English, the majority language, close at its heels as an early second language (age of onset of exposure no later than 2-3). P5 will concentrate on factors relevant to the organization of clauses (especially with respect to word order, argument structure, morphosyntactic features expressing finiteness and case), paying close attention to their potentially fuzzy edges. P5 will compare German heritage repertoires in the U.S. with Namibian German data made available by P6. The integration of heritage German within the overall language spectrum of RUEG allows us to investigate the effects of majority vs. minority status on the varieties of German accessible to and spoken by, bilingual speakers in comparison with the repertoires of monolingual speakers of German. The inclusion of minority German in Namibia will enable us to compare the role of different sociolinguistic settings and attitudes towards individual and societal multilingualism. In line with the other RUEG projects, P5 seeks to identify systematic non-canonical phenomena diverging qualitatively and/or quantitatively from the formal and informal, spoken and written repertoires of age-matched majority speakers of German (Joint venture I, Language Change Hypothesis). P5 will explore the theoretical relevance of interfaces between syntactic and other levels (external vs. internal interfaces, Joint Venture II, Interface Hypothesis) and will contribute to the differentiation of contact-induced vs. internally motivated change (Joint Venture III, Internal Dynamics Hypothesis). P5 will also compare heritage-German speakers with first-generation German-Americans in order to determine which novel properties are already foreshadowed within the lifetime of pre-heritage bilingual speakers.