Prosperity and Decline of the Traditional Civil Engineering during Modernized Era in Japan

本报告研究了日本传统土木工程的兴盛与衰落，即明治时代以来引进现代化的欧洲一流工程和建造未知的新颖结构时发生的情况。由于认为兴盛与衰落的情况因结构而大不相同，因此将它们分为不同类型的结构进行单独讨论;即交通、灌溉、电力、卫生、防洪和军事建筑。并从多个角度进行了分析;即江户时代日本工程的水平、日本与欧洲工程的差异、明治时代以后的工程运输方式、传统工程的存续和工程的地域性等。第二章按时间顺序将实体结构按各类结构列出，并主要从传统传承的角度进行了评述. ...更多信息 nal工程。建筑物的类型如下：桥梁、隧道、船闸、防波堤、灯塔、水闸、水坝、净水、沙堡、堤坝和堡垒。第三章从三个角度分别讨论了17种类型的结构列表：1）结构需求的转移; 2）工程内容的转移; 3）工程的地域性。第一类又分为五个小类。第二类又可分为三种，即：（1）传统工程主要在小的局部结构上不加改变地得到继承;（B）现代工程扩展到传统工程上;（3）传统工程被淘汰和消失。第三类又分为贫富地区差异两个亚类。通过应用本研究开发的方法，可以更深入地评价日本现代化时期的土木工程结构。附上几个例子。少

In this report, prosperity and decline of the traditional Japanese civil engineering has been studied, that is, what had happened when the modernized superb European engineering was imported since Meiji Era and when the unknown and novel structures begun constructing.Since situation of the prosperity and decline is presumed to be hugely different due to the structures, they are discussed separately by dividing into various types of structures; that is, traffic, irrigation, electric, sanitary, flood control and military structures. And it was analyzed from various viewpoints ; that is, level of Japanese engineering during the Edo Era, difference of Japanese and European engineering, way of engineering transportation after the Meiji Era, survival of traditional engineering and regional property of engineering.In Chapter 2, substantial structures are listed in chronological order in every types of structures, and some comments are attached mainly from the viewpoint of transfer of traditio … More nal engineering. Types of structures are as follows ; bridges, tunnels, locks, breakwaters, lighthouses, sluices, dams, water-purification, sabos, dikes and fortresses. Photos are attached if they are surviving.In Chapter 3, 17 types of structural lists are discussed separately due to three standpoints ; that is, 1) how the demand of the structures had been shifted, 2) how the contents of the engineering had been shifted and 3) how was the regional property of those engineering. The first category is further divided into five sub-category. The second category is further divided into three ; that is, a) traditional engineering had been succeeded without change mainly in the small local structures, b) modernized engineering had been extended onto the traditional ones and c) traditional engineering had weeded out and disappeared. The third category is further divided into two sub-category ; that is, rich and poor regional differences.By applying the procedure developed and given in this work, civil engineering structures in the modernized era in Japan can be evaluated more deeply. Several examples are attached. Less