Local Priests and their communities in the early middle ages. An edition of handbooks of priests

从8世纪到11世纪世纪，中欧和西欧的乡村教会组织发生了根本性的变化。它见证了教区的发展，这是一个新的机构，它塑造了当地的社会实践，直到进入现代。然而，人们对这种转变知之甚少。在过去的世纪，研究试图接近它的概念，如"Eigenkirche”（Stutz），分别为“église privée”（Lesne），但这两个都被认为是过于有限，甚至误导。然而，迄今为止尚未开发出替代方法。此外，最近的研究表明，地方牧师充当了与法院有联系的精英和地方社区之间的中间人，这使他们成为了匈牙利“矫正”的重要主角。他们的社会概况、经济潜力、教育和知识几乎没有得到研究，尽管各种个案研究表明，有丰富的资料来源可供我们了解这些问题。此外，有大量的现存手稿曾经被当地牧师使用，无论是在他们的教育或手册，这几乎没有被探索过。因此，该项目有三个目标。(1)首先，它旨在分析地方教会的制度化，以发展“Eigenkirche”和“église privée”概念的替代方案。(2)第二，它希望探讨在世界各地的社会，经济和司法概况的地方牧师。(3)第三，九世纪地方祭司的手稿将作为一个重要的原始资料的新语料库被打开和探索。这个项目的结果将对我们的形象产生重大影响，不仅是君士坦丁世界，而且是11世纪所谓的“格里高利改革”。申请人目前正在编写一本书，以实现目标（1）和（2）;对于这项研究，他得到了瑞典基金会的"Opus-Magnum”赠款的资助。为了实现目标（3），我们在这里申请两年的博士后资金（65%），为牧师准备三本重要的世纪手册的在线版本。

Between the 8th and the 11th century, rural church-organisation changed fundamentally in central and western Europe. It saw the development of the parish, a new institution that was to shape local social practice until deep into the modern age. However, little is know about this transformation. In the past century, research has attempted to approach it with concepts such as the „Eigenkirche“ (Stutz), respectively the „église privée“ (Lesne), but both of these have now been recognised as too limited and even misleading. However, an alternative approach has not been developed so far. Recent research has, moreover, demonstrated that local priests acted as intermediaries between court-connected elites and local communities, which made them into important protagonists of Carolingian „correctio“. Their social profiles, economic potential, education and knowledge has been hardly studied, even though various case-studies show that there are rich sources to inform us about such matters. Additionally, there is a substantial corpus of extant manuscripts once used by local priests, either during their education or as handbooks, which has been barely explored at all. This project, therefore, has three goals. (1) First of all, it aims to analyse the institutionalisation of the local church in order to develop alternatives for the concepts of „Eigenkirche“ and „église privée“. (2) Secondly, it wishes to explore the social, economic and juridical profiles of local priests in various regions of the Carolingian world. (3) Thirdly, the manuscripts for ninth-century local priests will be opened up and explored as an important new corpus of primary sources. The results of this project will have significant consequences for our image of not just the Carolingian world, but also of the so-called „Gregorian reform“ of the eleventh century. The applicant is currently preparing a book which will achieve goals (1) and (2); for this research, he is funded by an „Opus-Magnum“-grant of the Volkswagen-Stiftung. To achieve goal (3) we are applying here for the funding of a Post-Doc (65 %) for two years, to prepare an online-edition of three important 9th century handbooks for priests.