Between Forced Labor and Racial Policies: Children of Female Slave Laborers from Eastern Europe and Forced Abortions in National Socialism

拟议的项目研究了二战期间在纳粹德国和被占领地区的波兰或苏联奴隶劳工所生子女的命运，探讨了劳动力剥削与种族政策之间的重要关系。被党卫队种族专家认为种族价值较低的儿童被赞助人和劳工管理机构的成员挑选出来，与他们的母亲/父母分开，并被送到所谓的非德国儿童之家（Ausländerkinder-Pflegestätten）。在那里，大多数婴儿死于忽视、缺乏营养和恶劣的条件。此外，德国当局试图促进对奴隶劳工的强制堕胎，以防止更多种族不想要的后代的出生。然而，种族主义想要的新生儿被安置在德国儿童之家，由国家社会主义福利组织（NSV）或SS协会Lebensborn e. V.照顾。根据党卫队首领海因里希·希姆莱的意图，他们将被教育成真正的德国人。虽然Ausländerkinder-Pflegestätten以及对怀孕的奴隶劳工进行的种族检查和随后的强制堕胎（通常是怀孕7个月的晚期堕胎）解决了NS灭绝政策的核心要素，深深植根于意识形态，政策和战争经济，但迄今为止只有少数区域研究涉及这个主题。因此，目前的提案试图对这些波兰和苏联儿童及其母亲的命运提出一个新的观点。该项目首次以全面的方式调查这些被边缘化的NS种族和剥削政策的受害者，将大大有助于国家社会主义下的性别政策和日常生活的历史，特别是关于独裁统治下的生育决策的历史，对那些被认为不受欢迎的人施加各种胁迫措施。通过国际寻人服务（巴德·阿罗尔森）获得的新资料来源，以及在英国战争罪审判和波兰对被偷儿童命运调查（伦敦、华盛顿、华沙）的基本上未经研究的法庭档案中发现的新资料来源，为调查后来英国占领区（德国西北部）的这些政策提供了一个独特的起点。特别强调种族政策与经济考虑之间的谈判进程，同时考虑到所涉的机构、地点、受害者和肇事者。

Researching the fate of children born to slave laborers from Poland or the Soviet Union in NS-Germany and the occupied regions during the Second World War, the proposed project addresses the crucial relation between labor force exploitation and racial policies. Children deemed of lesser racial value by SS racial experts were singled out by patrons and members of the labor administration, separated from their mothers/parents and sent to so called homes for non-german children (Ausländerkinder-Pflegestätten). There, most of the infants died due to neglect, lack of nutrition and dire conditions. Also, German authorities sought to foster forced abortions on slave laborers to prevent the birth of further racially unwanted offspring. Racially wanted newborns, however, were placed in German childrens homes under care of the National Socialist Welfare Organization (NSV) or of the SS-association Lebensborn e.V.. Following the intentions of SS-chief Heinrich Himmler, they were to be educated into proper Germans. While Ausländerkinder-Pflegestätten as well as the race exams performed on pregnant slave laborers and the ensuing forced abortions (often late-term abortions up to the 7th month of pregnancy) addressed a central element of NS extermination policies, deeply rooted in ideology, policies, and war economy, only a few regional studies have so far dealt with the topic. The current proposal thus seeks to develop a new perspective on the fate of those Polish and Soviet children and their mothers. Investigating these marginalized victims of NS racial and exploitation policies for the first time in a comprehensive manner, the project will significantly contribute to the history of gender policies and everyday-life under National Socialism, especially regarding the history of reproductive decision-making in a dictatorship that inflicted all sorts of coercive measures on those considered unwanted. New sources available through the International Tracing Services (Bad Arolsen) and discovered in largely un-researched court files from British war crimes trials and Polish investigations on the fate of stolen children (London, Washington, Warsaw) provide a unique starting point for an investigation of those policies in the later British occupation zone (North-Western Germany). Specific emphasis is placed upon the negotiation processes between racial policies on the one hand side and economic considerations on the other, taking into account the institutions, places, victims and perpetrators involved.