Studies on the Development of High Quality Materials by means of Compositing Wood with Synthetic Polymers

木材利用行业在产品制造过程中会产生大量的副产品废物。为了充分利用木材资源，人们进行了许多尝试，以制备含有木质纤维填料或树脂的热塑性和热固性复合材料。与本研究相结合的是，这两年开展了多项国家科研项目，并取得了若干进展。(1)用马来酸酐(MPP)、甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯、甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯对聚苯硫醚(PPS)进行改性，制备了热机械浆(TMP)与聚丙烯(PP)的复合材料。木质填料中含有羟基活性基团的改性PPS可提高模压复合材料的拉伸强度，可作为TMP-PP复合材料的相容剂。重量分析、红外光谱、透射电子能谱等分析表明，这些反应性改性聚苯硫醚均位于木质纤维与…的界面上。木质填料表面接枝了MPP，增强了填料与基质聚合物的粘附性。(2)研究了TMP-PP复合材料的加工方法。以引发剂为引发剂，在PP上加入马来酸酐，然后用抗氧剂TMP对产物进行键合反应。所得复合材料的拉伸强度比由MPP、PP和TMP捏合而成的复合材料提高了10%。(3)研究了TMP与ABS、AS树脂和聚苯醚的复合材料，得到了物理性能较好的复合材料。(4)可用未经处理的木材-苯酚液化液制备酚醛树脂模塑料。其中未反应的苯酚在减压下蒸馏出来。加入木粉和六亚甲基四胺，在155~180ﾟ℃下热压，可直接固化木酚液化反应粉末。木质树脂注射成型是可行的。研究发现，该模塑的弯曲强度与商用酚醛模塑相当。较少

The wood-using industries generate a large amount of by-product wastes during product manufacturing. For complete utilization of wood resources, many attempts have been done to prepare thermoplastic and thermosetting composites containing ligno-cellulosic fillers or resins. In conjunction with this research, there occurs national research projects during these two years and several advancements have been achieved. The results obtained in this research are as follows : (1) Composites of thermo-mechanical pulp (TMP) with polypropylene (PP) were prepared with modified PPs by maleic anhydride (MPP), glycidyl methacrylate and hydroxyethyl methacrylate. Modified PPs having groups reactive toward hydroxyl groups of woody fillers can improve the tensile strength of the molded composites, and can be tised as compatibilizers in TMP-PP composites. It has been proved by gravimetric, IR, TEM-EDXA analyses and others that these reactive modified PPs are localized at the interface between the woody f … More iller and PP, and that grafting of MPP is attained onto the surface sites of woody filler, which enhances adhesion between filler and matrix polymer. (2) Methods for processing TMP-PP composites were investigated. The addition of maleic anhydride onto, PP was accomplished with an initiator, followed by keading of the products with TMP with antioxidants. The tensile strengths of the resulting composites become 10% greater than those of composites prepared by kneading of MPP, PP and TMP. (3) Composites of TMP with ABS, AS resins and polyphenylene oxide were investigated, resulting in composites with enhanced physical properties. (4) Novolak type moldings could be prepared from untreated wood-phenol liquefied solutions. from which unreacted phenol was distilled off under reduced pressure. The wood-phenol liquefied and reacted powders thus obtained can be cured directly, when wood meal fillers and hexamethylenetetramine are added and hot-pressed at 155-180 ﾟC. Injection molding was found to be possible with the wooden resin. The flexural strengths of the molding were found to be comparable with those for commercial novolak-moldings. Less