Strategies, models and case studies to fully decarbonize regional and long-distance transport

采用电池电动和氢动力车辆是在运输部门采用可再生能源的适当技术，从而减少在运输部门产生的破坏气候的温室气体排放。我们正在跟进我们以前的项目，分析城市交通。通过这一后续项目，我们旨在制定不同的战略，以实现农村地区以及长途运输的完全脱碳运输系统。我们还将详细评估财务和环境后果。我们不知道有任何其他项目可以模拟具体的车辆轨迹，使用合适的车辆类型和充电系统，在必要时调整轨迹以适应由此产生的新边界条件，并最终达到环境和成本平衡。我们检查了客运，货运，商业和服务运输，从而涵盖所有相关的运输部门。我们的考虑因素包括各种传动系统和车辆技术，以及新的移动概念，例如自动驾驶班车。我们还将研究非电气化铁路线和空中交通的无碳技术。与上一个项目一样，我们的核心工具是一个基于代理的交通模拟，它单独跟踪研究区域内所有车辆、人员和货物的合成化身。此外，我们还开发了各种新方法，例如用于生成交通需求的不同模型、用于确定消费数据的车辆模拟以及用于设计充电基础设施的不同方法。我们开发了各种针对农村和长途运输的模拟场景，使用TCO分析成本和环境影响（总拥有成本）和LCA（生命周期评估）技术。本项目及其前身取得的成果将为正在进行的关于“生命周期评估”的社会政治辩论提供科学可靠的事实。通往绿色运输系统的正确道路”。

The introduction of battery-electric and hydrogen-powered vehicles are suitable technologies for the introduction of regenerative energy in the transport sector and thus for reducing the climate-damaging greenhouse gas emissions generated there. We are following up on our previous project, which analyzes urban transport. With this follow-up project, we aim to develop different strategies for the realization of a fully decarbonized transport system in rural areas as well as in long-distance transport. We will also assess financial and environmental consequences in detail.We are not aware of any other projects that model concrete vehicle trajectories, underlay them with suitable vehicle types and charging systems, adapt the trajectories to the resulting new boundary conditions if necessary, and finally arrive at environmental and cost balances with the same level of detail as we do.We examine passenger, freight, commercial and service transport and thus cover all relevant transport segments. Our considerations include various drivetrain and vehicle technologies, but also new mobility concepts, such as autonomous shuttles. We will also investigate carbon-free technologies for non-electrified rail lines and air traffic.As in the previous project, our central tool is an agent-based traffic simulation that individually tracks synthetic avatars of all vehicles, people, and goods in the study area. This is flanked by various new methods, such as different models for generating traffic demand, vehicle simulations for determining consumption data, and different approaches for designing charging infrastructure.We develop various simulation scenarios for rural and long-distance transport, which are analyzed regarding cost and environmental impact using TCO (Total Cost of Ownership) and LCA (Life Cycle Assessment) techniques.The results achieved in this project and its predecessor will provide scientifically sound facts for the ongoing socio-political debate on the "right way to a green transport system”.