Text recycling in England during the 17th century– The transfer of ideas and debates in the English Civil War and the republic (1638-1661)

自1638年苏格兰第一次主教战争和1640/41年英格兰审查制度崩溃以来，英格兰的小册子数量急剧增加。在这些所谓的“小册子大战”中，出版了一系列旧的小册子和文本的重印本。有些是以原来的形式出版的，有些是摘录和汇编，有些则经过了相当大的改造。作为英国内战和共和国辩论的一部分，旧的小册子和文本的重印尚未被历史学家研究。研究项目询问这些重印的政治意义和影响，并质疑重印发起人的有效和预期目标：更新了哪些事件、当局、辩论、想法和声明？什么时候，谁干的？更新是在哪个星座进行的？为什么？因此，这项研究的目标是双重语境化：一方面，它处理重印的背景。重印的发起人想参加哪场辩论？另一方面，它涉及重印的小册子的原始背景。这些想法和争论最初是在什么背景下产生的？焦点集中在四个问题上：1.国王权威和议会之间的冲突；2.关于英国教会的争议；3.英格兰在救世史和末世中的使命；4.宗教实践和行为。寻求科学理解指向五个主题：1.rediva：在考虑形式方面的同时，有人问哪些辩论是通过重印小册子来改编的。情境化：干预是在什么时候以及在哪一场当代辩论中进行的？哪些事件被“评论”，于是被提及？3.意图：翻印小册子追求的是哪些政治意图？它能影响具体的事件，甚至是基本的政治或宗教话语吗？4.伪装的观点：重印可以在不能公开提及(或不希望公开提及)的辩论中提出观点。哪些论点和观点被掩盖了？为什么？5.历史观和时间观：关于重印发起人的历史观和时间观，有什么可以提及的？他们是认为自己处于历史的连续性中，还是被坚定地强调了不连续性？因此，这项研究的目的是仔细考虑1638年至1661年间英格兰政治和宗教持久性以及变化方面的成熟研究假设，同时通过重印小册子来分析旧辩论立场的更新。因此，如果需要，它将修改目前对当时辩论的理解。

Since the first Bishop War in Scotland 1638 and the collapse of censorship in 1640/41 in England, the number of pamphlets in England increased highly. In these so called ‘pamphlet wars’, a range of reprints of older pamphlets and texts were published. Some were published in their original form, several as excerpts as well as compilations and others had been rather transformed.The reprinting of older pamphlets and texts as part of the debates in the English Civil War and the republic has not yet been studied by historians. The research project asks for the political meaning and impact of these reprints and questions the effective and intended aims of the reprints’ initiators: Which incidents, authorities, debates, ideas and statements were updated? When and by whom? In which constellation were the updates made and why?So the study aims for dual contextualisation: On the one hand it deals with the reprints’ contexts. In which debate did the initiator of the reprint want to participate? On the other hand it deals with the original contexts of the reprinted pamphlets. In which contexts did the ideas and debates originally emerge? The focus is on four issues: 1. The conflict between the king’s authority and the parliament; 2. The controversy about the English church; 3. England’s mission in the history of salvation and in the eschaton; 4. Religious practice and conduct.The search for scientific understanding directs towards five subjects:1. Rediviva: Whilst considering formal aspects it is asked which debates were adapted by reprinting pamphlets.2. Contextualisation: When and in which contemporary debate the intervention did proceed? Which incidents were ‘commented’, whereupon the reference was made?3. Intentions: Which political intentions were pursued by reprinting pamphlets? Was it capable of influencing specific incidents or even a fundamental political or religious discourse?4. Disguised opinions: The reprint could enable introducing opinions in a debate which couldn’t be mentioned openly (or didn’t wish to be mentioned openly). Which arguments and opinions were disguised hereby and why?5. Conceptions of history and time: What can be mentioned about the conceptions of history and time of the reprints‘ initiators? Did they see themselves in a historical continuity or was discontinuity firmly stressed?Thus, the study aims to consider well established research assumptions in political and religious persistence and change in England between 1638 and 1661 carefully while analyzing the update of older debate positions by reprinting pamphlets. Therefore, it will modify the current understanding of the debates at that time, if required.