Interregional Linkage Investigations in Northern Kordofan (InterLINK)

该项目探讨了北科尔多凡地区作为努比亚尼罗河流域各州和文化与西部和西南部萨赫勒地区，如赞科尔集团、古代和中世纪达尔富尔以及卡纳姆-博尔努和乍得盆地其他早期国家和文化之间的边界和接触区所起的作用。特别是在中世纪时期，该地区的考古记录表明，该地区与尼罗河沿岸的基督教国家有密切联系，但也与其他邻近文化有密切联系。这可以被解释为考古证据，表明该地区可以被认为是尼罗河以西的马库里亚王国的一个省，该省尚未被本地化，但在伊斯兰中世纪的原始文献中提到了它。初步迹象表明，努比亚尼罗河流域的基督教化和文化适应主要涉及牧民群体，在久居的农民群体中较少流行。该地区作为一个转移和接触区，在环境和社会经济历史方面也具有至关重要的意义。直到今天，在北部的利比亚沙漠和南部的萨赫勒之间形成了一个景观生态边缘，不同形式的流动或半流动的牲畜饲养战略(南部的放牛放牧，北部的骆驼游牧)与广泛和集约的农业之间存在着各种互动。在历史时期，各种考古记录(集水设施、农业梯田)表明了当地集约化农业生产的可能性。该项目的目的之一是调查这些不同土地利用和生产战略的历时发展，它们对不断变化的环境条件的适应，以及它们融入超区域环境和气候历史的情况。环境框架条件、对它们的社会经济适应，以及它们与某些意识形态或宗教上层建筑的联系，也使我们能够与最近的事态发展进行比较：即使在今天，萨赫勒地区(即达尔富尔)的许多冲突也是按照类似的社会经济和以意识形态和宗教界定的社会分离线来解释的，并以不断变化的环境条件为背景。因此，INTERLINK项目不仅有助于研究文化间、超区域材料和理想转移过程等一般历史问题，也有助于研究区域环境历史，而且还可以为关于冲突研究和环境适应的现代辩论提供投入。

The InterLINK project explores the role of the North Kordofan region as a border and contact zone between the states and cultures of the Nubian Nile Valley with the Sahel regions to the west and southwest, such as the Zankor Group, ancient and medieval Darfur, as well as Kanem-Bornu and other early states and cultures of the Chad Basin. Especially for the Medieval Period, archaeological records in the region indicate close contacts with the Christian states on the Nile, but also with the other neighboring cultures. This can be interpreted as archaeological evidence that the region can be identified with a province of the kingdom of Makuria in the west away from the Nile, which has not yet been localized, but mentioned by source texts from the Islamic Middle Ages. There are preliminary indications that the Christianization and acculturation to the Nubian Nile Valley mainly concerned pastoral groups, and less prevailed in sedentary peasant groups.The region is also of crucial importance in terms of environmental and socio-economic history as a transfer and contact zone. Until today forming a landscape-ecological fringe between the Libyan desert in the north and the Sahel in the south, there are various interactions between different forms of mobile or semi-mobile livestock keeping strategies (cattle pastoralism in the south, camel nomadism in the north), and extensive as well as intensified agriculture. In historical times, various archaeological records (water harvesting installations, agricultural terraces) indicate possibilities for locally bound intensification of agricultural production. One of the aims of the project is to investigate the diachronic development of these different land use and production strategies, their adaption to changing environmental conditions, as well as their integration into the supra-regional environmental and climate history.The combination of environmental framework conditions, socio-economic adaptations to them, as well as their association with certain ideological or religious superstructure constructs also allow comparisons with recent developments: Even today, numerous conflicts in the Sahel region (i.e. in Darfur) are interpreted along comparable socio-economic as well as ideologically-religiously defined lines of social separation, and against the background of changing environmental conditions. The InterLINK project can therefore not only contribute to the general historical questions of interculturality, supra-regional material and ideal transfer processes, as well as regional environmental history, but can also provide an input to modern debates on conflict research and environmental adaptation.