Transfer Processes between East and West from an Actor-Centered Perspective: Salomon Negri as Translator and Cultural Broker between the Arab World and Latin Europe in the Late Seventeenth and Early Eighteenth Centuries

该项目旨在全面重建叙利亚基督教所罗门·内格里(Sulaymān b.YaʿQūb al-Shāmīal-Ṣāliḥānī，又名Sulimān al-Aswad，c.1665-1729年)的职业生涯、他的社交网络、他作为学者、图书管理员、语言教师和口译员的活动，以及他作为笔译员的工作。内格里被认为是来自中东的基督教学者群体(叙利亚人、科普特人、马龙派教徒)的代表人物，他们在东西方之间的早期现代知识和文化转移以及在欧洲文学家共和国和奥斯曼帝国-阿拉伯世界之间的调解和翻译过程中发挥了显著作用。通过这一方法，该项目力求为英国翻译总干事的优先计划2130“早期现代时期的翻译文化”的研究议程做出实质性贡献，特别是关于“文化礼仪与社会”的第3节。该项目位于三个研究领域的交汇点：文化经纪人的历史；奥斯曼帝国-阿拉伯世界和基督教西方世界之间的文化交流史；以及语言学习的历史，特别是东方语言的习得和学习。根据民族历史研究的概念，所罗门·内格里被认为是一位多语言文化调解人，他在欧洲多个城市(巴黎、伦敦、哈雷、威尼斯、罗马、君士坦丁堡)担任阿拉伯语教师，在阿拉伯和拉丁语之间进行双向翻译，作为图书管理员的活动，以及他对西方学者的建议，在东西方之间架起了桥梁。该项目结合了微观历史学、人类学和文献学的概念和方法；它还充分关注了内格里的学术和宗教网络。

The project aims to undertake a comprehensive reconstruction of the career of the Syrian Christian Salomon Negri (Sulaymān b. Yaʿqūb al-Shāmī al-Ṣāliḥānī, also known as Sulaimān al-Aswad, c. 1665–1729), his social networks, his activities as a scholar, librarian, language teacher and interpreter, as well as his work as a translator. Negri is regarded as a representative figure for the group of Christian scholars from the Middle East (Syrians, Copts, Maronites) who played a notable role in early modern transfers of knowledge and culture between East and West as well as in processes of mediation and translation between the European Republic of Letters and the Ottoman-Arab world. With this approach, the project seeks to make a substantial contribution to the research agenda of the DFG’s Priority Programme 2130 “Cultures of Translation in the Early Modern Period”, especially section 3 on “cultural proprieties and society”. The project is situated at the intersections of three research areas: the history of cultural brokers; the history of cultural exchange between the Ottoman-Arab world and the Christian Occident; and the history of language learning, especially the acquisition and study of Oriental languages. In accordance with ethno-historical research concepts, Salomon Negri is considered as a multilingual cultural mediator who built bridges between Orient and Occident through his work as an Arabic teacher in various European cities (Paris, London, Halle, Venice, Rome, Constantinople); his bi-directional translations from Arabic into Latin and vice versa; his activities as a librarian; and his advice to western scholars. The project combines micro-historical, anthropological and philological concepts and methods; it also pays ample attention to Negri’s scholarly and religious networks.