The resilience management of individual entrepreneurs: The transalpine trade of David Gauger of Augsburg and David Wagner of Bolzano around 1600

在16世纪的最后三分之一，德国南部的商业化进程中发生了显著的结构变化：当许多商人破产或迁移到欧洲商业中心，贵族家庭成员退出活跃的贸易时，商业公司被个体企业家所取代，在商业公司中，一群(通常是相关的)商人汇集了他们的资本和劳动力。该项目旨在通过探索两个专注于跨阿尔卑斯山贸易的个体企业家的弹性管理来阐明这种很少被研究的创业形式的转变，对他们来说，商业分类账和日记仍然存在。奥格斯堡的大卫·高格专门从事从德国中部向意大利北部(特别是博尔扎诺和贝加莫)出口绵羊羊毛，而从奥格斯堡迁移到蒂罗尔的大卫·瓦格纳则将几项商业和金融活动结合在一起，在阿尔卑斯山以南建立了一个遥远的贸易网络。对他们商业记录的详细研究试图弄清楚这些企业家采用了哪些具体的弹性战略，他们如何降低交易成本，以及他们以何种方式应对破坏性的外部事件。在这方面，将研究与运输工具、佣金经纪人的雇用和获得现金支出形式有关的问题。

In the final third of the sixteenth century a remarkable structuralchange occurred in the context of the commercialization process insouthern Germany: While numerous merchants went bankrupt oremigrated to European commercial centers and while members ofpatrician families withdrew from active trade, the commercialcompany, in which a group of (usually related) merchants pooled theircapital and labor, was largely replaced by individual entrepreneurs.The project aims to elucidate this little-studied transformation ofentrepreneurial forms by exploring the resilience management of twoindividual entrepreneurs who concentrated on transalpine trade andfor whom business ledgers and journals have survived. While DavidGauger of Augsburg specialized on the export of sheep wool fromcentral Germany to northern Italy (especially Bolzano and Bergamo),David Wagner, who had migrated from Augsburg to Tyrol, combinedseveral commercial and financial activities, and built up a far-flungtrade network south of the Alps. A detailed exploration of theirbusiness records seeks to clarify which specific resilience strategiesthese entrepreneurs employed, how they lowered transaction costsand in which ways they responded to disruptive external events. Inthis context questions related to the means of transportation, theemployment of commission agents, and access to forms of cashlesspayment will be studied.