The resilience management of individual entrepreneurs: The transalpine trade of David Gauger of Augsburg and David Wagner of Bolzano around 1600

在16世纪最后三分之一的时间里，德国南部的商业化进程发生了显著的结构性变化：当许多商人破产或迁移到欧洲商业中心时，当贵族家庭成员退出活跃的贸易时，由一群（通常是相关的）商人汇集资本和劳动力的商业公司在很大程度上被个人企业家所取代。该项目旨在通过探索两位专注于跨高山贸易的个体企业家的弹性管理来阐明这种很少被研究的创业形式的转变，他们的商业分类账和日志幸免于难。当奥格斯堡的大卫·高格专门从事从德国中部到意大利北部（尤其是博尔扎诺和贝加莫）的羊毛出口时，从奥格斯堡移居到蒂罗尔的大卫·瓦格纳将几项商业和金融活动结合起来，并在阿尔卑斯山以南建立了一个遥远的贸易网络。对他们的商业记录进行详细的探索，旨在澄清这些企业家采用了哪些具体的弹性策略，他们如何降低交易成本，以及他们以何种方式应对破坏性的外部事件。在这种情况下，将研究与交通工具、雇用佣金代理人和获得无现金支付形式有关的问题。

In the final third of the sixteenth century a remarkable structuralchange occurred in the context of the commercialization process insouthern Germany: While numerous merchants went bankrupt oremigrated to European commercial centers and while members ofpatrician families withdrew from active trade, the commercialcompany, in which a group of (usually related) merchants pooled theircapital and labor, was largely replaced by individual entrepreneurs.The project aims to elucidate this little-studied transformation ofentrepreneurial forms by exploring the resilience management of twoindividual entrepreneurs who concentrated on transalpine trade andfor whom business ledgers and journals have survived. While DavidGauger of Augsburg specialized on the export of sheep wool fromcentral Germany to northern Italy (especially Bolzano and Bergamo),David Wagner, who had migrated from Augsburg to Tyrol, combinedseveral commercial and financial activities, and built up a far-flungtrade network south of the Alps. A detailed exploration of theirbusiness records seeks to clarify which specific resilience strategiesthese entrepreneurs employed, how they lowered transaction costsand in which ways they responded to disruptive external events. Inthis context questions related to the means of transportation, theemployment of commission agents, and access to forms of cashlesspayment will be studied.