Modernist Qur’anic exegesis in an age of transformation: apologetics, translation and the movement of ideas in the early 20th century

这个项目连接了两个研究领域：第一，古兰经的穆斯林训诂史，第二，20世纪初穆斯林现代主义的跨区域历史，重点是埃及和马来-印度尼西亚世界。它的目标是理解现代古兰经的注释，因为它出现在世纪之交。在这里，现代主义被理解为一种跨区域的知识话语，它关注的是改革伊斯兰教，使穆斯林能够克服他们所认为的落后。现代古兰经注释是一个全球性的现象，它的接受、挪用和翻译是由印刷媒体的可用性促进和指导的。该项目将着眼于20世纪前三分之一时期现代主义思想在埃及和马来世界的传播。在这样做的过程中，它将寻求确定现代主义训诂产生和出版的具体地方环境。该项目有兴趣将这些发展作为古兰经训诂史的一部分来研究。因此，它特别关注《古兰经》评注的既定流派与发展新的训诂方法的愿望甚至压力之间的紧张关系。它将tafsir作为一个镜头，通过它来审视更广泛的发展，如印刷媒体的传播、教育机构的改革，以及在一段本身充满活力和以破裂为特征的时期内，宗教对各种形式的西方统治的反应。由于20世纪前三分之一时期的训诂来源的数量和范围是巨大的，该项目将调查的焦点缩小到一个特定的主题：护教学。我们将专注于这样的主题，这些主题与特定的古兰经文本部分提出的训诂问题有关，并且明确地为捍卫伊斯兰宗教教义，经文或人物而服务，反对欧洲和/或基督教批评家。选择这一主题与与帝国和殖民统治者、东方学家和基督教传教士的对抗或接触对穆斯林学者和知识分子的巨大重要性有关。通过分析埃及和马来-印度尼西亚的训诂资料，并将它们的方法与上述训诂问题进行比较，我们希望揭示现代主义思想传播的媒介和媒介，它们在政治变革中经历的变化，它们有选择地适应当地环境的方式，以及训诂传统的坚持和重新利用。

This project connects two fields of research: First, the history of Muslim exegesis of the Qur’an, and second, the transregional history of Muslim modernism in the early 20th century with a focus on Egypt and the Malay-Indonesian world.Its goal is to understand modernist Qur’anic exegesis as it emerged around the turn of the century. Modernism, here, is understood as a transregional intellectual discourse that was concerned with reforming Islam in a way that equipped Muslims to overcome their perceived backwardness. Modernist Qur’anic exegesis was a global phenomenon whose reception, appropriation and translation was facilitated and guided by the availability of print media. The project is going to look at the dispersion of modernist ideas in Egypt and the Malay world during the first third of the 20th century. In doing so, it will seek to identify the specific local circumstances in which modernist exegesis was produced and published. The project is interested in studying these developments as part of the history of Qur’anic exegesis (tafsir). As such, it pays particular attention to the tension between the established genre of the Qur’anic commentary and the desire or even pressure to develop novel exegetical approaches. It uses tafsir as a lens through which to examine broader developments such as the spread of print media, the reform of educational institutions and the religious response to various forms of Western dominance throughout a period of time that was in itself dynamic and characterised by ruptures.Since the number and scope of exegetical sources from the first third of the 20th century is vast, the project narrows the focus of inquiry to a specific theme: that of apologetics. We will focus on such topics that are related to an exegetical problem posed by a specific Qur’anic segment of text and that clearly serve the defence of Islamic religious doctrines, scriptures or figures against European and/or Christian critics. The choice of this subject issue is related to the enormous importance that confrontations or engagement with imperial and colonial administrators, Orientalists and Christian missionaries had for Muslim scholars and intellectuals. By analysing a corpus of Egyptian and Malay-Indonesian exegetical sources and comparing their approach to the above-mentioned exegetical problems, we hope to shed light on the agents and media through which modernist ideas spread, the changes they underwent in the light of political transformations, the ways in which they were selectively adapted to local contexts and the persistence and re-appropriation of exegetical traditions.