Profiling as method to identify relevant metabolites for phenological modelling purposes

经过几十年的积极研究木本植物的休眠和细分这一阶段的准，内，生态休眠，这些阶段仍然没有充分考虑在物候模型。半机械模型仍然用于描述植物发育，其中模型参数根据物候观测进行优化。虽然这允许找到适应数据的模型，但不能保证其生理可扩展性。在一个已完成的DFG项目中，我们能够证明甜樱桃开花的模型，这些模型没有经过生理学测试，在温暖的气候条件下失败了。在容易确定的参数（新鲜，干物质，樱桃芽的含水量）的基础上，并结合经典的方法，用于确定内休眠，我们能够确定第一次无形的阶段，内休眠和ecodormancy甜樱桃品种“首脑会议”在现场条件下。这些阶段的长度的知识开辟了新的可能性，验证半机械模型，使新的机械方法的发展。在这方面，最近研究了代谢物是否与木本植物的休眠阶段有关。对于甜樱桃，我们能够表明，脱落酸和蔗糖的课程是合适的标记，以确定结束内休眠。然而，这些物质的浓度每年都有很大的变化。此外，物候建模需要多年的生理相关标志物的数据，以说明模型中的环境变化。该项目的目的是系统地调查樱桃芽中不同基团（例如碳水化合物，类胡萝卜素，氨基酸）的代表，以了解它们参与休眠阶段的情况。应使用非靶向代谢物分析来概述哪些代谢物组在休眠期间显示出含量的显著变化。对于在不同阶段的过渡中显示出显著变化的生理相关代谢物，有必要证明是否与环境（空气温度，全球辐射等）有关。存在，这是物候建模的基本要求。对于那些表现出生理可吸收性和环境控制的生物标志物，在第二步中必须进行靶向代谢物分析，以确定9年以上芽中的代谢物含量。2012/13-2017/18年的数据被用来生成一个机械的3阶段模型，该模型按顺序考虑了内生、生态休眠和个体发育。对于模型验证，将在柏林使用2018/19-2020/21年的数据进行内部验证，并在德累斯顿和盖森海姆使用多年数据进行外部模型验证。此外，品种“里贾纳”和“卡丽娜”的建模方法的可移植性将进行检查。

After decades of active research on dormancy of woody plants and the subdivision of this phase into para-, endo- and ecodormancy, these phases are still not adequately considered in phenological models. Semi-mechanistic models are still used to describe plant development in which the model parameters are optimised on phenological observations. Although this allows to find a model adapted to the data, its physiological plausibility is not guaranteed. In a completed DFG-project, we were able to show that models for the flowering of sweet cherries, which were not tested for physiological plausibility, failed under warmer climatic conditions. On the basis of easily determinable parameters (fresh, dry matter, water content of the cherry buds) and in combination with classical approaches for the determination of endodormancy, we were able to determine for the first time the invisible phases para-, endo- and ecodormancy for the sweet cherry cultivar 'Summit' under field conditions. The knowledge of the length of these phases opens new possibilities for the validation of semi-mechanistic models and enables the development of new mechanistic approaches. In this regard, it was recently examined whether metabolites are related to the dormancy phases of woody plants. For sweet cherries, we were able to show that the courses of abscisic acid and sucrose are suitable markers to determine the end of endodormancy. However, these substances had significant annual variations in their concentration. In addition, phenological modelling requires multi-year data of physiologically relevant markers to account for the variability of environment in the models. The aim of this project is to systematically investigate representatives of different groups (e.g. carbohydrates, carotenoids, amino acids) in cherry buds with regard to their involvement in the dormancy phases. Untargeted metabolite profiling should be used to get an overview of which groups of metabolites show significant changes in content during dormancy. For physiological relevant metabolites, which show significant changes in the transition of the different phases, it is necessary to proof whether a relation to the environment (air temperature, global radiation, etc.) exists, a basic requirement for phenological modelling. For those biomarkers that show a physiological plausibility and environmental control, in the second step a targeted metabolite profiling must be done, in order to determine the metabolite contents in buds over 9 years. Data for the years 2012/13-2017/18 are used to generate a mechanistic 3-phase model that considers endo-, ecodormancy and ontogenetic development in a sequential order. For model validation, data for the years 2018/19-2020/21 will be used at Berlin for internal and multi-year data at the sites Dresden and Geisenheim for external model validation. Additionally, the transferability of the modelling approach for the varieties 'Regina' and 'Karina' will be examined.