Liquid flame retardants for PU foams on the basis of s-heptazine-, s-triazine- and dicyanamide derivatives

不含阻燃剂的聚氨酯泡沫塑料和多异氰尿酸酯泡沫塑料(PU-S、PIR-S)不适合用作建筑行业的隔热隔热板或其他用途，因为它们不符合防火规定。因此，主要使用氯代磷酸酯作为PU-S和PIR-S的有效荧光指示剂。由于其多溴联苯的潜力(持久性、生物蓄积性和毒性)，这些卤代物质被列入欧洲联盟的风险评估，预计今后的可获得性将大大减少。替代FR最好是富含氮和磷的化合物，它们应该是液体，以便具有良好的加工性，并在PU-S或PIR-S中分布均匀。因此，本项目的基础是前景看好的S-三嗪、S-七嗪和二氰胺类化合物，项目合作伙伴在以前的联合研究中成功地对这些化合物进行了研究。相应的液体物质将在TU Bergakademie Freiberg(TUBAF)实验室规模上生产，并对其结构和热性质进行检查。特别适合的化合物将在弗劳恩霍夫化学技术研究所大量生产，并入PU泡沫塑料中，并对其阻燃性能进行热分析。在工业合作伙伴巴斯夫聚氨酯有限公司，以S-三嗪、S-七嗪和双氰胺为基础的新型无卤阻燃剂正在各种PU-S和PIR-S中配制(包括PU催化)，并在实验室进行了试验。随后，对获得的样品进行阻燃和其他性能(导热系数、力学性能、孔结构等)的表征。此外，该项目还包括对这些物质进行成本效益和环境影响评估。由于巴斯夫生产使用三聚氰胺的FRS，将在三年项目期间对商业化选择进行评估，可能涉及其他公司和/或研究机构以及项目合作伙伴TUBAF和ICT。在开发项目成果时，重要的是要指出巴斯夫作为PU制造商的角色。巴斯夫通过在全球所有地区设有世界规模的工厂，确保在市场上的领先地位，并独立生产适用于各种PU应用的多元醇、二异氰酸酯、催化剂和添加剂等产品。因此，可以在现有产品组合的基础上成功推出新型阻燃添加剂。除了泡沫外，产品范围还涵盖许多其他领域，这可能会为S-三嗪、S-七嗪和双氰胺衍生物开辟新的应用领域。

Polyurethane and polyisocyanurate foams (PU-S, PIR-S) without flame retardants (FRs) are not suitable for thermal insulation in the construction sector as insulation panels and for other applications because they do not meet the required fire protection regulations. Therefore, predominantly chlorinated phosphate esters are used as effective FRs for PU-S and PIR-S. Due to their PBT potential (persistence, bioaccumulation and toxicity), these halogenated substances are included in the European Union's risk assessment and are expected to become significantly less available in the future. Alternative FRs are preferably nitrogen and phosphorus rich compounds, which should be liquid for a good processability and a uniform distribution in PU-S or PIR-S. The present project is therefore based on promising s-triazine, s-heptazine and dicyanamide derivatives, which have been successfully investigated by the project partners in joint previous studies. Corresponding liquid substances will be produced on a laboratory scale at the TU Bergakademie Freiberg (TUBAF) and examined structurally as well as with regard to their thermal properties. Particularly suitable compounds will be produced in larger quantities at the Fraunhofer Institute for Chemical Technology ICT, incorporated into PU foams and analyzed thermally and with regard to their FR properties. At the industrial partner, BASF Polyurethanes GmbH, the new halogen-free FR candidates based on s-triazine, s-heptazine and dicyanamide are being formulated (including PU catalysis) in various PU-S and PIR-S and tested on a laboratory scale. Subsequently, the specimens obtained are characterized in terms of their flame retardancy and other properties (thermal conductivity, mechanics, pore structure, etc.). In addition, the project includes a cost-effectiveness and environmental impact assessment of the substances. Since BASF manufactures melamine-based FRs, commercialization options are to be evaluated during the three-year project period, possibly involving other companies and / or research institutions and the project partners TUBAF and ICT. When exploiting the project results, it is important to point out the role of BASF as a PU manufacturer. BASF secures a leading position in the market through worldscale plants in all regions of the world and independently produces products such as polyols, diisocyanates, catalysts and additives for the entire range of PU applications. Novel flame retardant additives can therefore be successfully launched on the basis of the existing product portfolio. In addition to foams, the product range covers many other areas, which may result in novel fields of application for the s-triazine, s-heptazine and dicyanamide derivatives.