Identifying Spatial and Environmental Correlates of Airborne Microplastics and Nanoplastics across Philadelphia

确定费城空气中微塑料和纳米塑料的空间和环境相关性

• 批准号: 10667845
• 负责人: Inkyu Han
• 金额: $ 42.46万
• 依托单位: TEMPLE UNIV OF THE COMMONWEALTH
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-06-15 至 2025-05-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10667845
• 关键词: Air; Air Conditioning; Air Pollutants; Air Pollution; Attention; Biological; COVID-19 pandemic; Chemicals; Cities; Communities; DNA Damage; Data; Disease; Dose; Dust; Endocrine Disruptors; Environment; Environmental Health; Environmental Risk Factor; Exposure to; Flame Retardants; Food; Food Container; Future; Geographic Distribution; Goals; Health; Heterogeneity; Human; In Vitro; Industrialization; Inflammation; Ingestion; Inhalation; Inhalation Exposure; Knowledge; Location; Lung; Meteorology; Monitor; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences; Organic Chemicals; Organism; Oxidative Stress; Pennsylvania; Persons; Philadelphia; Plasticizers; Plastics; Pollution; Population Density; Poverty; Production; Public Health; Pulmonary alveolar structure; Risk; Risk Factors; Role; Route; Sampling; Seasons; Site; Soil; Source; Study models; Sunlight; Time; Toxicology; United States; Variant; Water; absorption; airway inflammation; anthropogenesis; burden of illness; cell injury; cytokine; epidemiology study; exposed human population; exposure route; face mask; fine particles; in vivo; meter; neurotoxic; people of color; pollutant; spatiotemporal; urban area; urban setting; wasting

Summary Due to the massive production and careless disposal of plastic waste, plastic pollution and its potential health effects have drawn attention recently. The annual production of plastic materials was approximately 370 million tons in 2019 and is expected to increase continually. During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the production of plastics in the world skyrocketed to 584 million tons in 2020 due to an unprecedented demand for single-use plastics. More than half of the plastic waste generated worldwide is thrown away into the environment without proper management. Of the various sizes of plastics, much attention has focused on the smaller sized plastics such as microplastics (1 µm to 5 mm) and nanoplastics (< 1 µm). Microplastics and nanoplastics (MANs) contain thousands of harmful chemicals (i.e., plasticizers, flame retardants, and other toxic organic chemicals), and MANs are easily absorbed into humans and other living organisms, potentially causing respiratory inflammation, systemic oxidative stress, and neurotoxic effects. Hence, their ubiquity in environments and the ease with which they can be absorbed has raised concerns about the potential impact of exposure to MANs on human health. Although ingestion of MANs was considered to be the primary route of exposure, recent reviews suggest that inhalation of MANs may be two to three orders of magnitude greater than ingestion of MANs. While the information on human exposure to inhalable MANs is a fundamental step in determining human health risk, there are several knowledge gaps for exposure assessment of airborne MANs. Exposure assessment of outdoor air MANs in the United States (U.S.) has not yet been conducted, yet people living in densely populated urban areas are likely at risk for significant exposure to airborne MANs. As the second poorest major city in the U.S. (23% poverty rate), many Philadelphians (especially people of color) without air conditioning units spend more time outside or with the windows open in warmer months, thereby increasing their exposure to outdoor air MANs. To date, the spatial variation of ambient air MANs in urban areas has not been assessed. Additionally, the specific composition of MANs, the distribution of these components, and their likely sources in urban environments are unknown. This study will address these gaps. Specifically, we aim to (1) collect ambient air MANs at 48 different sampling sites, quantify inhalable size of MANs and characterize their composition, (2) characterize the geographic distribution of airborne exposure to MANs (and their chemical composition) across Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and (3) identify environmental correlates of higher MANs levels and explore seasonal differences. This proposed exploratory study is directly responsive to NIEHS strategic goals “Emerging Environmental Health Issues.” Airborne MANs are emerging pollutants and their related health effects are largely unknown locally and globally. Quantifying exposure to airborne MANs will provide necessary data for future health studies to determine the potential risks of airborne MANs to human health.

总结 由于塑料垃圾的大量生产和不小心处理，塑料污染及其潜在的健康 影响最近引起了人们的关注。年生产塑料材料约3.7亿件 2019年，预计将继续增长。在2019年冠状病毒病期间（COVID-19） 疫情期间，全球塑料产量在2020年飙升至5.84亿吨，原因是前所未有的 对一次性塑料的需求。全球产生的塑料垃圾中有一半以上被丢弃在 环境没有适当的管理。在各种尺寸的塑料中，许多注意力集中在 较小尺寸的塑料，如微塑料（1 µm至5 mm）和纳米塑料（< 1 µm）。微塑料和 纳米塑料（MAN）含有数千种有害化学物质（即，增塑剂、阻燃剂和其他有毒物质 有机化学品），MAN很容易被人体和其他生物体吸收， 呼吸道炎症、全身氧化应激和神经毒性作用。因此，它们在环境中的普遍性 而且它们很容易被吸收，这引起了人们对暴露在空气中的潜在影响的担忧。 人类对人类健康的影响。虽然摄入MAN被认为是主要的接触途径，但最近 综述表明吸入MAN可能比摄入MAN大两到三个数量级。 虽然关于人类接触可吸入MAN的信息是确定人类健康的基本步骤， 风险，有几个知识缺口的暴露评估的机载MAN。暴露评估 美国的室外空气城域网（U.S.）还没有进行，但人们生活在人口稠密的 城市地区很可能有严重暴露于空中MAN的风险。作为世界上第二贫穷的大城市， 美国(23%的贫困率），许多费城人（特别是有色人种）没有空调， 在较温暖的月份，更多的时间在户外或打开窗户，从而增加他们接触户外空气的机会。 人.到目前为止，在城市地区的环境空气MAN的空间变化还没有得到评估。此外，本发明还 城域网的具体组成、这些组成部分的分布及其在城市中的可能来源 环境未知。本研究将解决这些差距。具体而言，我们的目标是（1）收集环境空气 48个不同采样点的MAN，量化MAN的可吸入尺寸并描述其组成，（2） 描述空气中暴露于MAN的地理分布（及其化学成分）， 费城，宾夕法尼亚州，和（3）确定较高的MAN水平的环境相关性，并探讨 季节差异这项探索性研究直接响应了NIEHS的战略目标“新兴 环境卫生问题”。空气中的MAN是新兴的污染物，其相关的健康影响主要是 在当地和全球都不为人知。量化暴露于空中MAN将为未来提供必要的数据 健康研究，以确定空气中MAN对人类健康的潜在风险。