Amber Shine and Black Dragon Pearls - The History of Chinese Wine Culture

我的《琥珀闪耀与乌龙珍珠--中国酒文化史》一书(德文，400多页，德国奥斯塔西恩斯图迪恩出版社，2019年出版)的出发点是新石器时代以来欧亚大陆与中国葡萄酒和酒精文化的早期联系及其与人类进化的关系。这篇论文描述了从史前时代到现在，中国在欧亚大陆范围内的葡萄酒(普陶酒和一般酒精)的历史，共13章。它第一次试图涵盖大约9000年的空间，从跨学科的方法展示人类最古老的持续酒精文化的各个方面，考虑到进化、人类学、考古学、人种学、生化、历史、神话、哲学、宗教、医学、文学、语言、艺术、社会经济和政治方面的各种方面。关键的推动力来自新石器时代中国贾湖聚落的发现(9000BP)，以及世界上最古老的含有野生葡萄残留物的酒精饮料的发现，以及格鲁吉亚最早葡萄酒生产的发现(8000BP)。文中还提出和讨论了大量的新发现、事实和观点，从不同的角度对人类进化、欧亚文明和中华文明的兴起以及与葡萄酒和酒精种植的密切联系有了新的认识。中国酒文化的早期起源可以归因于本土葡萄品种的特殊多样性。此外，最近在中国和其他欧亚酒精文化中的几项发现，为同步发展和史前交流提供了新的线索。在此背景下，本文概述了中国独特的酒文化的发展，重点是不同地区和时代的葡萄酒文化，以及与中亚(特别是波斯-伊朗文化)、近东和高加索地区的远距离接触，沿着欧亚贸易路线和整个历史时期。最后，总结了中国南北本土葡萄和酿酒的杰出范例，并概述了全球化背景下的最新发展和未来趋势，最后给出了中国迈向世界一流水平的新数据。

The starting point of my book "Amber Shine and Black Dragon Pearls - The History of Chinese Wine Culture" (written in German language, more than 400 pages, Deutsche Ostasienstudien 26, OSTASIEN Verlag, Gossenberg, 2019) are the early Eurasian connections with Chinese wine and alcohol culture since the Neolithic period and its relations with human evolution. This treatise is depicting the history of wine (putaojiu and generally alcohol (jiu ;i) in China within Eurasian contexts from prehistoric times up to the present in thirteen chapters. For the first time it attempts to cover a space of around nine thousand years presenting the various facets of mankind's oldest continuing alcohol culture from an interdisciplinary approach, taking into account all kinds of evolutionary, anthropological, archaeological, ethnographic, biochemical, historical, mythological, philosophical, religious, medical, literary, linguistic, artistic, socioeconomic and political aspects. The crucial impetus has been given by the discovery of the Neolithic settlement of Jiahu, China (9000 BP), v&\ere the world's oldest alcoholic beverage with residues of wild grape has been located and by the discovery of the earliest wine production in Georgia (8000 BP). Abundant other recent findings, facts and perspectives are presented and discussed and lead to a new understanding of human evolution, the rise of Eurasian and Chinese civilizations and the close connection with the cultivation of wine and alcohol from distinct points of view.The early genesis of alcohol culture in China can be ascribed to the extraordinary varieties of indigenous Vitis species. Besides, several recent discoveries in China and in other Eurasian alcohol cultures shed a new light on synchronic developments and prehistoric exchange. In this context a general survey is given of the development of China's unique alcohol culture focusing on grape wine culture in different regions and epochs as well as on long-distance contacts with Central Asia (especially Persian-lranian culture), Near East and the Caucasian region along the Eurasian trade routes and throughout all historical epochs. Conclusively, outstanding examples of indigenous vitiand viniculture in Northern and Southern China as well as an overview of latest developments and future trends in globalizing contexts, finally new data of China’s rise to world class are given.