Interventions for the prevention of childhood allergies, and for promoting allergy-prevention related and COVID-19 related health literacy: living systematic reviews (Living Systematic Review)

不可复制和相互矛盾的健康研究结果带来了健康专业人员（HPs）和公众感到困惑的风险。证据综合解决了这个问题，但证据的系统性评价（SR）（以及随后的指南）很快就会过时，造成严重的不准确风险，特别是在动态领域，如幼儿过敏预防（ECAP）和干预措施，以提高健康素养（HL）。在现有的最佳证据和ECAP实践之间可能存在差距。动态系统评价（LSR）提供了一个新的机会，通过保持SR基于随机对照试验的证据不断更新，以缩小证据-实践差距。传统的证据合成方法，我们已经应用于环境干预，补充喂养（CF）和COVID-19相关的HL在一般人群和HP中，只提供有限的分析可能性。个体参与者数据（IPD）荟萃分析（MA）已经发展成为调查平均因果效应以外问题的黄金标准，例如探索异质性或出版偏倚的影响。然而，一个主要的挑战仍然是在实践中转化证据，这是阻碍了在访问和理解的科学研究结果之间的HP和父母的障碍。为了提高可获取性和可用性，需要有一个证据生态系统，不断整合证据，并提供一个用户友好、全面和可重复使用的储存库。WP 2将证据合成范式应用于ECAP和HL。目标包括（1）更新第一个资助阶段发布的SR，并扩大Epistemonikos基金会协助的所有干预途径的证据生态系统，（2）为CF，pro-，pre-and synbiotica补充剂和水解配方奶粉进行IPD MA，（3）继续关于改善COVID-19 HL干预措施的LSR，（4）建立ECAP-HL的LSR，（5）通过参与性研究，让主要目标群体参与编写简明扼要的摘要。一个特别的重点将是检测出版偏见，特别是在重工业影响的领域。IPD MA的数据共享协议将在第一年安排，分析将在第二年继续进行，并在第三年结束。调查结果将通过一个互动网站传播，该网站上有各种地方工作报告和简明扼要的摘要。WP 2将为ECAP、ECAP-HL和COVID-19-HL提供一个全面的活证据生态系统。它与WP 1-利益冲突有很强的联系，将我们的调查结果与第一个资助阶段确定的指导方针进行比较。它还与WP 3-卫生专业人员、WP 5-用户需求和WP7-行星健康相关联，旨在制定和试点实施教育和系统级干预措施，以提高ECAP知识和HL。

Non-reproducible and conflicting health research findings entail the risk that health professionals (HPs) and the public are left confused. Evidence synthesis addresses this issue, but systematic reviews (SRs) of evidence (and consequently guidelines) go out of date quickly posing a serious risk of inaccuracy, particularly in dynamic fields such as early childhood allergy prevention (ECAP) and interventions to enhance health literacy (HL). There are presumably gaps between the best available evidence, and the practice of ECAP. Living systematic reviews (LSRs) offer an emerging chance to narrow the evidence-practice gap by keeping SRs based on evidence from randomised controlled trials continuously up to date. Traditional evidence synthesis methods, which we have applied to environmental interventions, complementary feeding (CF) and COVID-19-related HL in the general population and among HPs, provide only limited analytical possibilities. Individual Participant Data (IPD) meta-analysis (MA) has evolved as the gold standard for investigating questions beyond the average causal effect such as exploring heterogeneity or the impact of publication biases. However, a major challenge remains translating evidence in practice, which is hindered by barriers in accessing and comprehending scientific findings among HPs and parents. To enhance accessibility and usability, an evidence ecosystem is required that integrates evidence continuously and provides a user-friendly, comprehensive and reusable repository. WP2 applies the evidence synthesis paradigm to ECAP and HL. Objectives include (1) to update SRs published during the first funding phase and to expand the evidence ecosystem assisted by Epistemonikos Foundation for all routes of interventions, (2) to conduct IPD MAs for CF, pro-, pre- and synbiotica supplementation and hydrolysed formula, (3) to continue the LSR on interventions to improve COVID-19 HL, (4) to establish an LSR on ECAP-HL, (5) to involve principal target groups in creating plain language summaries through participatory research. A special focus will be on the detection of publication bias, particularly in areas with heavy industry influence. Data sharing agreements for IPD MAs will be arranged in year 1, with the analyses continuing in year 2 and concluding in year 3. The results will be disseminated through an interactive website featuring various LSRs and plain language summaries. WP2 will provide a comprehensive and living evidence ecosystem for ECAP, ECAP-HL and COVID-19-HL. It has a strong connection to WP1-Conflict of Interest which will compare our findings with the guidelines identified in the first funding phase. It is also linked to WP3-Health Professionals, WP 5-User Needs and WP7-Planetary Health, which aim to develop and pilot implement educational and system-level interventions to improve ECAP knowledge and HL.