The Historical Investigation of Ontology and its Systematic Development Today

我们的项目试图从历史上考察本体，并试图系统地更新本体。研究者M. Amano阐明了亚里士多德的本体论基本上是一种“本体”理论，并阐明了他的“本体”概念的模糊性，即“实体”或“本质”。他还表明，eidos不是普遍存在的。研究者松永（S. Matsunaga）研究了英国经验主义中物质与因果关系之间的关系，以及现代科学和哲学中事实与法律之间的关系。研究者M. Sakabe仔细研究了康德对“德国经院形而上学”的一些基本概念（Wolf， Baumgarten等）的改进。研究者高山先生通过对黑格尔《逻辑学》中“物”、“现象”和“法”概念的分析，揭示了“存在”所固有的“否定性”的作用。研究者T. Sakakibara研究了胡塞尔早期的时间意识学说，并一直试图阐明胡塞尔“存在最终只能通过回归先验主体性来理解”的程序的意义和方法。研究者Mori从海德格尔的本体论观点出发，揭示了语言与存在之间先天的普遍关联。首席研究者渡边J.一方面深化了对以海德格尔为代表的当代德国现象学本体论的阐释，另一方面完成了对英美哲学“语言转向”的批判性考察。因此，我们的“本体论思维”在每位研究者的不断努力下，取得了巨大的成果，这些成果在我们的研究项目报告中得到了简洁的总结。

Our project has tried to investigate ontology historically and has been trying to renew it systematically.Investigator M. Amano has elucidated that Aristotle's ontology is fundamentally a theory of ousia, and has thrown light upon the ambiguity of his concept of ousia, which means either substance or essence. He has also shown that eidos is not universal. Investigator S. Matsunaga has inquired into the rllation between substance and causality in English empiricism, and between fact and law in the modern science and philosophy. Investigator M. Sakabe has looked closely into Kant's improvement of some elemental concepts of "German scholastic metaphysics" (Wolf, Baumgarten, etc.). Investigator M. Takayama, analyzing the concepts "thing", "phenomenon" and "law" in Hegel's "Logic", has revealed the role of "negativity" inherent in "Being". Investigator T. Sakakibara has studied Husserl's early doctrine of time-consciousness and has been trying to make clear the significance and the method of his procedure that "Being is ultimately understood only by referring back to the transcendental subjectivitoy". Investigator I. Mori has shown the universal correlation a priori between language and Being, starting from Heidegger's ontological point of view. Head investigator J. Watanabe, on the one hand, deepened the interpretation of the current German phenomenological ontology led by Heidegger, and, on the other hand, has accomplished a critical examination into the "linguistic turn " in Anglo-American philosophy.Thus, our "ontological thinking ", by constant efforts of each Investigator, has attained great results, which are concisely summarized in our report of this research project.