Philosophical Studies on Human Life and Passions

本研究旨在通过揭示人类生活底层的激情冲突来探究人的本质。由于这项任务将在三年内完成，因此第一年从哲学史的观点出发，第二年从自然科学的观点出发，第三年从系统的哲学考虑的观点出发。这项研究的结果大致可以归纳为三个方面：第一个方面是关于美与美术的问题。由于这项研究，人们清楚地认识到，成功的艺术作品只是作为艺术家对存在真理的确立而存在的，正是因为这个原因，作品才散发出美丽和吸引观众的光芒。美的（kalon）是召唤（kalein）人的东西，正如伪狄俄尼索斯-阿略帕吉塔所说。第二次调查处理了所谓的身心问题，即心灵-大脑问题。因此，这个问题似乎必须以这样一种方式来考虑，即心灵和身体相互影响，正如互动论所坚持的那样。但这一复杂的问题有待于进一步深入研究。第三部分着眼于从康德到伽达默尔的德国近现代哲学史，考察了德国近现代哲学在人的生存本质问题研究方面的发展。在这方面，特别是谢林的艺术哲学和康德的永久和平的重要思想进行了详细的考察。最重要的是，从黑格尔到雅斯贝尔斯的历史哲学研究得如此彻底，以至于历史理解和行动的结构得以充分阐明。

This research aims to make an inquiry into an essence of man by throwing light upon the conflicts of passions which take place at the bottom of human life. As this task was to be carried out during three years, it was pursued in the first year from a viewpoint of philosophical history, in the second year from a viewpoint of natural sciences and in the third year from a viewpoint of systematic philosophical considerations. The results of this research can be put in order, roughly speaking, in three kinds of inquiries.The first inquiries were concerned with the problem of beauty and fine arts. In consequence of this research it became clear that the successful works of art come into existence only as such an establishment of truth of being by artists that the works radiate precisely for that reason beautiful and fascinate a beholder. The beautiful (kalon) is that which calls to (kalein) man, as Pseudo-Dionysios-Areopagita said.The seconde investigations treated the so-called mind-body problem, i.e.the mind-brain problem. As a result, this problem seemed to have to be considered in such a way that both mind and body affect each other reciprocally, as the theory of interactionism insisted. But this complicated problem needs to be dealt with in the future more deeply.The third research has an eye on a history of modern and contemporary German philosophy from Kant to Gadamer which has developed in regard to the study on essence of human existence. In this respect, especially Schelling's philosophy of art and Kant's important thoughts of perpetual peace were examined in detail. Above all the philosophy of history from Hegel to Jaspers was so completely investigated that the structure of historical understanding and action could be fully elucidated.