Research on the typology of elementary school districts in Japan

本研究以日本小学学区类型学为研究对象。学区是学校教育的基础，在义务教育阶段更是如此。同时，他们作为社区规划的细胞发挥作用。在这方面，我们必须了解这些学区是如何组织的，以便了解义务教育和日本社区的结构。作为这些的典型案例，我挑选了两个案例。其中之一是京都的小学学区。另一个例子是伊势城。这两个案例是四种类型的小学学区中的典型案例。日本的小学学区据说起源于明治时代之初。在那个时代，学区据说有三种不同的含义。其中只有一个，也就是学校区的意思，即一群来自同一地区的学生被迫上同一所学校，据说一直保留到现在。但我认为，学区作为学校所在的社区细胞的意义的丧失，对于理解小学学区的现状是最重要的。这类人的实际作用是了解他们的情况的关键。

This research focuses on the topic of the typology of elementary school districts in Japan. The school districts function as the foundation of schooling especially at the compulsory education. At the same time they function as the cells of community planning. In this respect it is essential for us to understand the way how these districts are organized in order to understand the structure of compulsory education and Japanese community.As the typical cases of these I picked up 2 cases. One of them is the case of elementary school districts in Kyoto. Another one is the case of Ise City. These two cases are the typical ones of 4 types of elementary school districts.Japanese elementary school districts are said to have their origins at the beginning of Meiji era. At those times school districts are said to have had three different meanings. Only one of them, the meaning of school zones where a group of pupils of the same zone are compelled to go to the same school, is said to be kept until now. But I think that the lost meaning of school districts as the community cells where a school is located is most important to understand the present situation of elementary school district. Actual function of this sort is the key to understanding the situation of them.