SPP 1327: Optically Generated sub-100-nm Structures for Biomedical and Technical Applications

优先计划的目标是对非线性激光吸收过程中的基本物理、光学和化学过程进行一致的描述。这些工艺可用于本体材料和表面的纳米结构化和纳米功能化。因此，必须制定一个概括的描述，包括所有的实际结果，这主要是通过使用经验方法获得的。通过对超短脉冲激光加工期间的激光/材料相互作用行为和非线性吸收现象进行系统分析，将有可能为技术和生物医学应用的专用、空间选择性和可重复的纳米结构化奠定基础。优先计划中涉及的结构限于100 nm以下，并且应该通过超短激光脉冲，即皮秒，飞秒或阿秒产生。纳米结构的潜力远远超出了经典的衍射极限是由于新的激光源的出现，它提供了新的时间和能量参数（从飞秒激光到EUV源）。这些系统首次允许在空间和时间上灵活地将能量沉积到工件中。基于这些可能性，可以诱导物理相互作用现象，从而产生全新的结构化和功能化结果。结构可以非常灵活，并且可以根据技术和生物医学问题进行定制。作为一个例子，已知的是-并且实验证明-通过使用多光子吸收来纳米化不同的材料，例如纳米纤维、半导体、聚合物和生物材料。甚至金属也可以通过基于高激光强度的工艺进行纳米结构化。由于这些观察结果，已经提出了许多关于纳米结构化过程的建模和模拟、结构化过程的新方法或结构表征的科学问题。

The objective of the Priority Programme is the consistent description of the basic physical, optical and chemical processes during nonlinear laser absorption processes. These processes can be used in nanostructuring and nanofunctionalisation of bulk materials and surfaces. Therefore, a generalised description has to be developed including all the actual results, which have been gained mostly by using empirical methods. By carrying out a systematic analysis of both the laser/material interaction behaviour and the nonlinear absorption phenomena during ultrashort pulsed laser processing it will be possible to generate the basis for a dedicated, spatially selective and reproducible nanostructuring for technical and biomedical applications. The structures, which are addressed in the Priority Programme are restricted to below 100 nm and should be produced via ultrashort laser pulses, i.e. picoseconds, femtoseconds or attoseconds. The potential for nanostructuring far beyond the classical diffraction limit is attributed to the advent of new laser sources, which provide new temporal and energetic parameters (from femtosecond lasers to EUV-sources). These systems, for the first time, allow the flexible deposition of energy into the workpiece with regard to space and time. Based on these possibilities physical interaction phenomena can be induced resulting in completely new structuring and functionalisation results. Structures can be extremely flexible and they can be tailored to technical and biomedical problems. As an example it is known - and experimentally proven - to nanostructure different materials such as dielectrics, semiconductors, polymers and biomaterials by using multiphoton absorption. Even metals can be nanostructured by processes based on high laser intensities. Due to these observations, numerous scientific questions have been risen concerning the modelling and simulation of nanostructuring processes, new methods of the structuring process or the characterisation of structures.