Chemical Ecology of Astigmatid Mites

从球螨中分离到一种新的单萜类化合物，经鉴定其化学结构为3-氧-4-异丙烯-l-环己烯-l-甲醛，暂命名为robbirial。其生物学功能尚未确定。球茎螨的表皮成分为己基2-甲酰基-3-羟基苯甲酸酯（俗称己基根酰膦酸酯）。苯甲酸酯的抗真菌活性比柠檬醛高得多，尽管它的活性低于心梗素。用分离的信息素测定了部分立体控制法制备的(1R, 3R, 5R, 7R) - 1,3,5,7 -四甲基甲酰基甲酸酯及其非对映体和其他三种非对映体混合物的聚集信息素和kairoone活性。（lR, 3R, 5R, 7R） -异构体是唯一对两种植物均有抑制作用的化合物，而- (lS, 3S-5S, 7S) -异构体可以抑制松香L. More信息素的分泌，其抑制作用随松香L. More信息素含量的增加呈对数关系。14种光学异构体中的另外10种似乎也具有抑制作用，因为在三种非对映体混合物中，活性随着(lR, 3R, 5R, 7R) -异构体的减少而降低。另一方面，(lS, 3S, 5S, 7S) -异构体和其他光学异构体对乳香c无抑制作用，鉴定为实验室组织瘤（黑马目：组织瘤科）的报警信息素，鉴定为家养糖蚜（蜱螨目：糖蚜科）的报警信息素。褐腿粒螨卵形粉螨雌性性信息素鉴定为2-羟6-甲基苯甲醛，对雄性有性刺激作用。乙醛是成虫提取物的主要成分，而若虫期提取物的次要成分，说明其在成虫中的信息素作用。在粒螨中鉴定出两种性信息素，一种是2-羟基-6-甲基苯甲醛，另一种是一种碳氢化合物混合物，这两种性信息素分别负责雄性对雄性的性唤起，以及吸引雌性到雄性附近。前者在男性和女性中都存在，而后者仅在男性中检测到。一种简单而不常见的碳氢化合物被证实是Carpoglyphus lactis' opisthontal腺体分泌物的主要成分，其结构为（Z， Z） - 6,9 -heptadecadierie。在7科18种中，烃类分布在5科7种中，属零星分布。少

From the bulb mite Rhizoglyphus robini, a new monoterpenoid was isolated and its chemical structure was elucidated as 3-oxo-4-isopropylidene-l-cyclohexene-l-carboxaldehyde, which was tentatively named as robirial. Biolobical function has not yet been determined.The cuticular constituent of the bulb mite is revealed to be hexyl 2-formyl-3-hydroxybenzoate (hexyl rhizoglyphinate as the trivial name). Much higher antifungal activity than that of citral is demonstrated for the benzoate, although its activity is lower than that of acaridials.The aggregation pheromone and kairomone activity of (1R, 3R, 5R, 7R) -1, 3, 5, 7-tetramethyidecyl formate, its diastereomer and three other mixtures of diastereomers prepared in a partially stereo-controlled manner were assayed with the isolated pheromone using Lardoglyphus konoi and Carpoglyphus lactis. (lR, 3R, 5R, 7R) -isomer was the only active compound against both species, whereas its- (lS, 3S-5S, 7S) -isomer was concluded to be an inhibitor of the … More pheromone of L. konoi, which suppressed development logarithmically along with its content in the preparation. The other 10 optical isomers among a total of 14 also seemed to function as inhibitors, because activity decreased in correspondence with decreases in (lR, 3R, 5R, 7R) -isomer among three mixtures of diastereomers. On the other hand, no inhibitory action of (lS, 3S, 5S, 7S) -isomer and other optical isomers were noticed against C. lactisGeranial was identified as the alarm pheromone of Histiostoma laboratorlum (Astigmats : Histiostomidae) and its isomer neral as the pheromone of Glycyphagus domesticus (Acarina : Glycyphagidae).The female sex pheromone of the brown-legged grain mite Aleuroglyphus ovatus was identified as 2-hydroxy6-methyl-benzaldehyde, which sexually stimulated males to copulate. The fact that the aldehyde was the major component in the adult extracts, and a minor component in nymphal stage extract, suggested its pheromonal role among adults.Two sex pheromones responsible for male's sexual arousal to initiate male-to-male mounting, and for attracting females to male's vicinity were identified in a grain mite Acarus immobiles as 2-hydroxy-6-methylbenzaldehyde and a hydrocarbon mixtures, respectively. The former was present in both males and females, whereasthe latter was only detected in males.A simple but rather unusual hydrocarbon in nature was demonstrated as a major component of the secretion from opisthonotal glands of Carpoglyphus lactis' and its structure was identified as (Z, Z) -6, 9-heptadecadierie. . The hydrocarbon was distributed sporadically among seven species of five families, when eighteen species from seven families were examined. Less