Precise Measurement of Properties of Monolayrs and in situ Observation of Structural Change of Them

水表面的不溶单分子是两相物质最基本的存在形式，如表面活性剂和长链酸或醇类。由于膜的超薄特性和材料的微量，使得单分子膜的结构难以按分子顺序进行研究。我们研制了一种1991年在法国研制成功的布鲁斯特角显微镜（BAM）。我们的BAM可以在10mum的分辨率下直接观察单分子膜的结构。我们原位观察了单分子膜的结构变化，包括相变、温度和压力的变化，以及使用BAM添加二价金属离子。我们还利用瞬时多通道光谱学研究了二乙炔长链衍生物的光聚合。我们开发了一种温度可编程的Langmuir槽，使用大量的Peltier元素，性能非常高。用这台仪器，我们发现单分子膜随温度升高而伴随面积收缩的奇特相变。

Insoluble monolayrs on the water surface are the most fundamental existence of the amphiphatic materials, such as surfactants and long-chain acids or alcohols. It was difficult to study the structure of monolayrs in molecular order because of the ultrathin character of the films and/or trace amount of materials. We have constructed a Brewster Angle Microscope(BAM) which was developed at France in 1991. Our BAM can observe structure in monolayrs directly at the resolution of 10mum. We did in situ observation of the structural change of monolayrs with phase transitions, with changing temperature and pressure, and by addition of divalent metal ions using BAM.We have also studied photopolymerization of long-chain derivatives of diacetylene by using the instantaneous multichannel photospectroscopy. We have developed a temperature-programmable Langmuir trough of very high performance using a large amount of Peltier elements. With this instrument, we have found a curious phase transition of a monolayr accompanying area contraction with increasing temperature.