Experimental psychological study for relasionship between lesion sites and defective states in amnesics.

1)研究了10例前丘脑梗死患者（6例左侧病变，1例右侧病变，3例双侧病变，所有患者均为右利手）。急性期表现为意识模糊，慢性期表现为自发性抑制。所有患者均有记忆障碍，尤其是顺行性遗忘明显。左侧病变表现为语言性遗忘，右侧病变表现为视觉性遗忘。除1例Korsakoff综合征患者外，无1例患者出现逆行性遗忘或虚构，2例单纯性遗忘患者出现言语顺行性遗忘。6例患者还表现为视觉顺行性遗忘，自发性、智力和语言能力的衰退表明额叶功能障碍。由于内前损害与中线旁损害的记忆障碍无差异，故认为内前损害与中线帕拉损害的记忆障碍有关， ...更多信息 由于记忆障碍者额叶血流减少，而非记忆障碍者无此改变，提示丘脑-额叶间神经通路损伤导致额叶血流量减少与记忆障碍有关。局限性双侧穹窿病变组对言语和视觉情景记忆存在顺行性遗忘，但未出现逆行性遗忘，4）对脾后区病变患者的研究表明，左侧病变导致记忆障碍，右侧病变导致路径寻找障碍，5）病毒性脑炎患者表现为单纯的逆行性遗忘，无顺行性遗忘，提示记忆形成与记忆提取可能存在不同的脑机制。少

1) Ten patients with infarction in anterior thalamus (six patients with left lesion, one with right, three with both, all patients were right handed) were investigated. They show clouding of consciusness in acute phase, repression of spontaneity in chronic phase. All patients have memory disorder, especially anterograde amnesia is distinct. Patients with left lesion shows verbal amnesia, and patients with right lesion shows visual amnesia.2) Ten patients with lesion in left medial anterior and para midline thalamus were researched. None patients but one Korsakoff symdromes showed retrograde amnesia or confabulation, and two pure amnesic patients showed verbal anterograde amnesia. Six patients also showed visual anterograde amnesia, and regression of spontaneity, intelligence, and verbal ability indicated dysfunction of frontal lobe. Because there found not difference of memory disorder between patients with medial anterior lesion and ones with para midline lesion, it was considered tha … More t they had lesions both mamillothalamic tract and internal medullary lamina, As patients with memory disorder showed decrease of blood flow in frontal lobe, and patients without memory disorder did not show it, so it was suggested that decrease of blood flow in frontal lobe by lesion on neural pathway between thalamus and frontal lobe relates memory disorder.3) Patients with circumscribed bilateral fornix lesion showed anterograde amnesia about verbal and visual episodic memory, but not showed retrograde amnesia, and semantic memory and procedural memory were intact.4) Research for patients with lesion in posterior area of Splenium made out that left lesion caused memory disorder and right lesion caused defect of route finding, but this was considered as brought by slight difference of lesion site.5) Patients with viral encephalitis showed pure retrograde amnesia without anterograde amnesia, so it was suggested that there should be different brain mechanisms between memory formation and memory retrieval. Less