Memory and Hippocampus: Anaylsis of Retrograde Amnesia

记忆与海马：逆行性遗忘症分析

• 批准号: 0237053
• 负责人: Robert Clark
• 金额: $ 32.93万
• 依托单位: University of California-San Diego
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2003
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2003-04-15 至 2007-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0237053&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Memory; Hippocampus; Anaylsis; Retrograde; Amnesia

Robert E. Clark, Ph.D.NSF Proposal Number: 0237053NSF Proposal Title: Memory and Hippocampus: Analysis of Retrograde AmnesiaA considerable body of work has been directed toward understanding how a brain structure known as the hippocampus contributes to memory function. A phenomenon that has been especially important to this tradition of work is temporally-graded retrograde amnesia (TGRA). TGRA refers to the finding that information (memories) learned long before the onset of memory impairment are often spared relative to information learned more recently. For example, humans who have sustained damage to the hippocampus, have little or no memory for facts and events that was learned just prior to their brain damage, but retain memories that were learned well before the damage. Accordingly, memory that is initially hippocampus-dependent, gradually becomes hippocampus-independent. A critical question is how hippocampal activity participates in this process.These experiments provide a systematic investigation of when and for how long the hippocampus must be active to support memory. Using rats, reversible lesions will be used to selectively inactivate the hippocampus (by infusing a drug that disrupts hippocampal function without damaging the neurons). Accordingly, the hippocampus can be turned on or off during different phases of the learning and memory process. That is, reversible lesions will be applied during different portions of the learning, retention, or retrieval phase of memory to determine if and when hippocampal activity is important for memory. These reversible lesions are created and sustained for long periods of time with implanted osmotic minipumps (devices that can slowly deliver the drugs to the hippocampus continuously for many days). These results will provide important insights into how hippocampal activity following learning contributes to the establishment of long-term memory. Clarifying this pattern of memory loss (TGRA) is critical for understanding how memory is organized and stored in the brain. The proposed activities will provide research training for graduate students and post-doctoral students in psychology, cognitive science, and neuroscience.

Robert E. Clark，博士 NSF 提案编号：0237053NSF 提案标题：记忆与海马体：逆行性遗忘症分析 大量工作致力于了解称为海马体的大脑结构如何促进记忆功能。 对这种工作传统特别重要的一个现象是暂时分级逆行性遗忘症（TGRA）。 TGRA 指的是这样的发现：相对于最近学到的信息，在记忆障碍发生之前很久学到的信息（记忆）通常不会受到影响。 例如，海马体遭受损伤的人类对于大脑损伤之前学到的事实和事件几乎没有记忆或没有记忆，但保留了损伤前很久学到的记忆。 因此，最初依赖海马体的记忆逐渐变得不依赖于海马体。 一个关键问题是海马体活动如何参与这一过程。这些实验系统地研究了海马体必须何时活跃以及持续多长时间才能支持记忆。 使用大鼠，可逆性损伤将用于选择性地灭活海马体（通过注入破坏海马体功能而不损伤神经元的药物）。 因此，海马体可以在学习和记忆过程的不同阶段打开或关闭。 也就是说，可逆损伤将应用于记忆的学习、保留或检索阶段的不同部分，以确定海马活动是否以及何时对记忆很重要。 这些可逆性损伤是通过植入的渗透微型泵（可以连续多天缓慢地将药物输送到海马体的装置）产生并维持很长一段时间的。 这些结果将为了解学习后的海马活动如何有助于长期记忆的建立提供重要的见解。 阐明这种记忆丧失模式（TGRA）对于理解记忆如何在大脑中组织和存储至关重要。 拟议的活动将为心理学、认知科学和神经科学领域的研究生和博士后提供研究培训。