Travel support for two observers to conduct astronomical observations at the LBT during June 2019

1)Z~7星系中星云CIII和CIV发射线的观测引起了人们对产生这些发射线所需的硬辐射场性质的新兴趣。由于不仅非常大质量、低金属丰度的恒星，而且大质量的X射线双星、增加的超大质量黑洞，甚至冲击波都可能是硬连续谱光子的来源，因此定义一组非常局域的代表是必要的，在这种情况下，空间分辨率和灵敏度允许详细研究气体和单个电离源。2)盘状星系外流和扩散电离气体晕的电离过程仍然是一个未解之谜。虽然与恒星形成活动的联系似乎已经建立得很好(但还没有完全理解)，但观测到的电离气体的电离机制并没有受到很好的约束：虽然光致电离肯定起到了作用，但观测到的谱线比及其与盘的距离的变化需要光子场的变化和另外一个目前未知的加热机制的存在。3)斯皮策和赫舍尔揭示了银河系中大量的小气泡。在一些情况下，有可能获得表观中心恒星的光学光谱，令人惊讶的是，这些恒星经常被证明是进化的大质量恒星(Wolf-Rayet恒星、LignousBlue变星的候选者和OB超巨星)。我们利用LUCI近红外光谱对气泡及其中心恒星进行分类，以更公正的方式研究它们的演化状态及其中心恒星。

1) The observation of nebular CIII] and CIV emission lines in z~7galaxies triggered new interest in the nature of the hard radiation fieldneeded for this emission lines to occur. Since not only very massive,low metallicity stars, but also massive X-ray binaries, accretingsupermassive black hole, and even shocks may be possible sourcesof the hard continuum photons, the definition of a set of very localproxies is imperative, where spatial resolution and sensitivity allow adetailed study of the gas and individual ionization sources. 2) Theionization process of outflows and diffuse ionized gas halos in diskgalaxies is still an unsolved puzzle. While a connection to starformation activity seems to be well established (but not fullyunderstood), the ionization mechanism of the observed ionized gas isnot well constrained: while photo-ionization certainly contributes, theobserved line ratios and their change with distance from the diskrequire changes in the photon field and the presence of an additionalcurrently unknown heating mechanism. 3) Spitzer and alsoHERSCHEL revealed a significant number of small bubbles in theMilky Way. In a couple of cases, it was possible to take optical spectraof the apparent central stars, which surprisingly often turned out to beevolved massive stars (Wolf-Rayet stars, candidates for LuminousBlue Variables, and OB supergiants). We target the bubbles and theircentral stars with LUCI NIR spectroscopy to classify the potentiallyhighly absorbed part of the bubbles and investigate their evolutionarystate and their central stars in a more unbiased way.