An Investigation of the Protective Reflex Mechanism of the Larynx.

吞咽第二阶段喉部参与保护性反射。在这项研究中，形态学和电生理学的调查，以阐明神经组织的吞咽在猫。咽部粘膜可见游离神经末梢、味蕾和珠状神经末梢。提出喉粘膜中存在机械感受器、化学感受器和多模态感受器。这些受体的结构和特征与吞咽的诱导相适应。大部分来自咽区的脉冲被带入孤束核的间隙亚核。对保护性反射的产生至关重要的感觉信息在间质亚核中聚合和处理。吞咽过程中出现的与吞咽有关的神经元可分为三种类型。部分II型神经元构成吞咽中枢模式发生器。与吞咽有关的皮层区域位于眶回。这个区域可能调节吞咽引出时的兴奋性。喉感觉诱发电位（喉感觉诱发电位）由喉上神经电刺激引起的脑干和皮层短潜电位组成，记录于头皮并确定产生源。

The larynx participates in protective reflex during second stage of the swallowing. In this study, morphological and electrophysiological investigations were performed to clarify the neural organization of the swallowing in the cat.The free nerve ending, taste buds and beaded nerve terminals were observed in the pharyngolaryngeal mucosa. It is proposed that mechanoreceptors, chemoreceptors and polymodal receoptors exist in the laryngeal mucosa. The strucures and characteristics of these receptors are appropriate for elicitation of the swallowing. The majority of the impulses from the pharyngolaryngeal region are carried into the interstitial subnucleus of the nucleus tractus solitarius. The sensory informations, which are essential for elicitaion of the protective reflex, are converged and processed in the interstitial subnucleus. The swallowing related neurons which burst during swallowing are classified into three types. A part of type II neurons constitute the central pattern generator for swallowing. The region of the cortex related to the swallowing was located in the orbital gyrus. This region may modulate the excitability in the elicitation of the swallowing. LSEP (laryngeal sensory evoked potential), which was consisted of short latent potentials in the brainstem and cortex evoked by electrical stimulation of the superior laryngeal nerve, was recorded from the scalp and generator sources were determined.