Marketing Systems and Marketing Efficiencies of Main Food Products and Inputs

对主要粮食产品和动物饲料的营销效率进行了评价，并提出了提高营销效率的建议。主要研究结果如下：1.通过对蔬菜生产者和批发商的交易成本进行估算，发现交易成本是影响蔬菜市场效率的决定性成本之一。建议加大生产批量，规范产品质量，以减少生产成本.运用数据包络分析法（DEA）对蔬菜批发企业的技术效率和规模效率进行了测算。结果表明，各系统的效率差异较大，规模经济性不明显。我们得出结论，质量管理和相关的处理程序是主要原因.为了获得附加值，建议在生产者拥有的工厂将原料食品加工成最终产品，但强调产品差异化是成功的重要战略因素之一。4.建议引入个体生产者能够买卖其牛奶配额的制度，作为降低牛奶生产成本的一种方法。因为这一制度给生产者带来了更具成本竞争力的市场氛围。但从市场福利的角度来看，一个利益是相当有限的。结合典型农村社会的特点，探讨了引入该制度的必要条件，并提出了具体建议。

Marketing efficiencies are evaluated and suggestions are made in the aim of improvement marketing efficiencies of main food products and feeds for animals. Results obtained are as Followings.1. Transaction costs for both producers and wholesalers in vegetable marketing are estimated and we found that this cost is one of determinant costs for the efficiency. Larger lot size and standardization of the quality are suggested in order to reduce them.2. Technical and scale efficiencies, in terms of profitability and labor productivity, of vegetable wholesalers are estimated by DEA (Data Envelopment Analysis). Great degree of the variations in efficiencies are found and scale economy is not significant observed. We concluded that quality managements and related handling procedures are main causes for this.3. Processing the material foods to final products at producer owned plants is recommended in order to obtained additional value-add. However, it is emphasized that product differentiation is one of the essential strategic factors for success.4.Introduction of the system where individual producer is able to buy and sell his milk quota is suggested as a way to decrease the cost of production of milk, since the system brings producers more cost competitive market atmosphere. But from the market welfare view, a benefit is rather restricted. Considering the characteristics of typical rural society, required conditions for the introduction of this system are discussed and practical suggestion are made.