Application of Microparticulate Diets in Seed Production of Fish Larvae

在鱼种生产中，轮虫、卤虫等活体食品得到了广泛的应用，但要安全、稳定地生产出所需数量的活体食品，需要投入大量的设备和人力。因此，有必要发展人工饲料，作为鱼类养殖种子生产力的替代品。具有与身体相似的必需氨基酸模式的饮食蛋白质可能对鱼类具有很高的营养价值。我们用不同的蛋白质来源制作了一些微粒饲料，以模拟仔鱼体内蛋白质的氨基酸模式。用这些微粒饲料进行了鱼种、牙鲆、罗非鱼和鲤鱼的制种试验。结果表明，在生长和成活率方面，具有与活体食物相对应的营养价值。微粒化饲料在牙鲆种子预测中的应用，防止牙鲆白化。抗坏血酸-2-磷酸-镁在微粒饲料中的应用表明，鱼苗具有较高的生长和成活率。用高效液相色谱仪和放射分析仪对罗非鱼、牙鲆、鲤鱼和罗非鱼幼体的必需氨基酸进行了分析。Ayu幼虫食欲减退、体色变白、脊椎变白、脊柱侧弯、惊厥等表现为缺乏β-胡萝卜素、α-生育酚、骨化醇和甲双酮。为了明确饲料磷脂(PL)对仔鱼的营养作用，以微藻、轮虫和仔鱼为研究对象，研究了磷脂酰胆碱(PC)的磷脂种类和可能的脂肪酸组合。仔鱼中的主要碳水化合物为&lt；C_(16)&gt；&lt；C_(20)&gt；(主要是&lt；C_(16：0)&gt；&lt；C_(20：5W3)&gt；)。&lt；C_(16)&gt；&lt；C_(22)&gt；(主要是&lt；C_(16：0)&gt；&lt；C_(22：6w3)&gt；)和&lt；C_(18)&gt；&lt；C_(22)&gt；(主要是&lt；C_(18：0)&gt；&lt；C_(22：6w3)&gt；和/或&lt；C_(18：1w9)&gt；&lt；C_(22：6w3)&gt；)

In the seed production of Ayu, flounder and red sea bream etc. for aquaculture, live foods such as the rotifer and Artemia Have been widely used However, it requires much facilities and labor to produce a desired amount of live food safely and constantly. Therefore, it is necessary to develope artificial diets as a substitute for the productivity of seed for fish culture.1. Dietary proteins having an essential amino acid pattern similar to that of body are likely to have a high nutritive value for fish. We made some microparticulate diets using various protein sources to simulate the amino acid patterns of the body protein of larval fish. The seed production of Ayu, flounder, red sea bream and carp was carried out with these microparticulate diets. The results indicated a nutritive value corresponding to the live food in terms of growth and survival rates.2. The application of microparticulate diets in the seed prodiction of flounder, protected from the albinism of flounder.3. The application of ascorbate-2-phosphate-Mg in microparticulate diets indicated a high growth and survival rates of Ayu larvae.4. The essential amino acids of Ayu, flounder, carp and Tilapia larvae were demonstrated by HPLC and radioanalyzer.5. The decrease of appetite, whitening of body colour, whitening of vertebra, scoliosis, and convulsions were obsearbed as a deficiency desease of <beta> -carotene, <alpha> -tocopherol, calciferol and menadione in Ayu larvae.6. In order to define the nutritional role of dietary phospholipids (PL) in larval fish, the PL classes and possible fatty acid combinations of phosphatidylcholine (PC) were investigated on the of food organisms such as the micro-algae and rotifers and larval fish. The major PC in the larval fish was those having fatty acid combinations of <C_(16)> <C_(20)> (mainly <C_(16:0)> <C_(20:5w3)> ). <C_(16)> <C_(22)> (mainly <C_(16:0)> <C_(22:6w3)> ), and <C_(18)> <C_(22)> (mainly <C_(18:0)> <C_(22:6w3)> and/or <C_(18:1w9)> <C_(22:6w3)> )