Relation of Behavioral Development in Preschool Years to Temperament and Attachment in Infancy - A Longitudinal Study -

以20多名学龄前儿童为研究对象，分别在69个月和82个月龄收集了学龄前儿童社会情绪发展的随访数据。本研究以这些儿童为研究对象，以幼儿气质、母亲的互动方式和依恋为研究对象，收集了他们在婴儿期的社会情绪发展和依恋的数据，并与上述69个月和82个月的部分数据进行了相关分析。主要研究结果如下：1)教师对儿童对学龄前情境的社会情绪适应的评价结果与12个月时的Ainsworth奇异情境程序评估的依恋类型有关。在B型儿童和C型儿童之间，我们没有发现在对学龄前环境的情绪适应上有任何差异。这一发现与Sroufe和其他美国人之前报道的不一致。根据他们的说法，与安全依恋的婴儿(B)相比，更多不安全依恋的婴儿(A型和C型)表现出对学龄前环境的情绪适应不良。我们的发现质疑了他们的说法，即ABC分类在区分安全依恋和不安全依恋方面是有效的。2)从41个月到69个月，甚至82个月，对不熟悉的人表现出抑制的行为倾向被发现相当稳定。不过，在27个月和41-69个月之间的稳定性并不是很强。在这个问题上还需要更多的研究。

Follow- up data on socio-emotional development in preschool years were collected at 69 months and 82 months of age with over 20 preschool children as our subjects. These children had been the subjects of our preceding study titled "Infant temperament, mother's mode of interaction, and attachment", and the data on their socioemotional development and attachment in infancy gathered in that study were related to some of the 69 and 82 months data mentioned above.Major findings are as follows:1) The results of teacher's ratings on the children's socio-emotional adaptation to preschool situation were related to the attachment types of these children as assessed by Ainsworth Strange Situation Procedure at 12 months. Between type B children and type C ones we did not find any difference as to the emotional adaptation to preschool setting. This finding disagrees with what Sroufe and others in U.S. reported previously. According to them more insecurely attached infants (type A and C) showed emotional maladaptation to preschool setting than securely attached ones (B). Our finding cast doubt to their claim that the ABC classification is valid in distinguishing secure attachment from insecure attachment.2) A behavioral disposition to show inhibition to the unfamiliar is found to be quite stable from 41 months of age through 69 months and even through 82 months. However, the stability between 27 months and 41 and 69 months is not very strong. More study is needed on this issue.