Hetero-Integration of Perovskite Lasers into Silicon Photonics (HIPER-LASE)

集成光子电路可以引发一场类似于20世纪70年代初集成微芯片的革命。这种模式变化的一个要求是可扩展和具有成本效益的生产技术。基于硅和氮化硅的光子平台是该任务的优秀候选者，但是缺乏廉价且兼容的集成（激光）光源是基于硅的光子的广泛成功的主要障碍。溶液处理的金属卤化物钙钛矿与该材料平台兼容，并已被证明在太阳能电池和LED中是成功的。最近，申请人展示了第一个集成光泵钙钛矿激光器，该激光器通过大规模生产自上而下的图案化制造。因此，集成光子学的长期愿景是将电驱动的钙钛矿激光器集成到氮化硅光子学上。因此，HIPER-LASE项目旨在研究和查明金属卤化物钙钛矿作为电泵浦增益材料的机会和可能的限制。为此，研究必须面向广泛未开发的材料和器件特性的研究，这些材料和器件特性与钙钛矿太阳能电池有很大的不同。今后，我们的目标是填补这一知识空白，专注于政权的高注入电荷载流子密度和高光子密度，这是数量级以上的AM1.5太阳辐射。我们将量化潜在的损失机制，在这些条件下，可能会妨碍注入激光。本论文的工作将集中在最有前途的钙钛矿化合物，如CsPbBr_3和MAPbX_3（X = I，Br）。沉积层的微观结构将通过平面热压（PHP）得到改善，这是一种由申请人之一开创的创新再结晶工艺。这将使我们能够实现高质量的微谐振器，这是低激光阈值所需的。钙钛矿薄膜的形态和电性能将通过纳米级光谱进行研究，提供高达60 nm的横向分辨率，以指导材料和工艺优化。无机电接口，使thefinjection的高电流密度将开发和特点，使用频率和温度依赖的电气测量。最后，电泵浦激光器的关键元件将被结合起来研究卤化物钙钛矿中的电操作激光是否可能。

Integrated photonic circuits can trigger a revolution similar to the integrated microchip at the beginning of the 1970’s. A requirement for such a paradigm change is a scalable and cost-effective production technology. Silicon and silicon nitride based photonic platforms are excellent candidates for this task, but the lack of a cheap and compatible integrated (laser) light source is a major obstacle for widespread success of silicon-based photonics. Solution processed metalhalide perovskites are compatible with that material platform and have proven successful in solar cells and LEDs. Recently the applicantsdemonstrated the first integrated optically pumped perovskite laser fabricated via mass production capable top-down patterning. A longterm vision of integrated photonics is therefore an electrically driven perovskite laser integrated onto silicon nitride photonics. As such, the project HIPER-LASE aims to research and pinpoint opportunities andpossible limitations of metal-halide perovskites as an electrically pumped gain material. To this end, research must be geared towards the study of widely unexplored material and device properties, that are substantially different form that of perovskite solar cells. Wehenceforth aim to fill this knowledge gap by focusing on the regime of high electrically injected charge carrier densities and high photon densities, which are orders of magnitude above those under AM1.5 solar irradiation. We will quantify the potential loss mechanisms that prevail under these conditions and might hamper injection lasing. Thework will focus on the most promising perovskites, such as CsPbBr3 and MAPbX3 (X = I, Br). The microstructure of as-deposited layers will be improved via planar hot pressing (PHP), an innovative recrystallization process pioneered by one of the applicants. This will allow us to realize high-quality micro-resonators, that are required for low lasing thresholds. The morphology and electrical properties of the perovskite films will be studied with nanoscopic spectroscopy providing up to 60 nm lateral resolution to guide the material and process optimization. Inorganic electrical interfaces which enable theinjection of high current densities will be developed and characterized using frequency and temperature dependent electrical measurements. Finally, the key elements for an electrically pumped laser will be combined to study if electrically operated lasing in halide perovskites is possible.