Study of Hatamoto Residence in Edo from the Standpoint of Urban History-Formation of Residence and Urban Design of Samurai Residential Zone

通过对江户时代武士住宅区的重要组成部分--服本住宅区的主屋平面、住宅区内各建筑的布局、住宅区用地的分配等方面的分析，阐明江户武士住宅区及城市景观的设计方法。研究结果如下：1.研究成果。Hatamoto住宅的平面按其功能分为四个部分：“正面”用于接待客人；“中间内部”用于户主管理公共事务和日常生活；“背面”用于私人生活；“厨房”是户主妻子的地方。“正面”和“厨房”的空间占主屋总空间的四分之一，无论其大小如何，都需要一个适合农耕的区域。如果是小型住宅，则省略“中间内部”。但随着主屋面积的扩大，居室内部在总空间中的占有率增加，管理家政的部分也随之扩大，这都是为了强化居住功能。背部的入住率与主房的大小成反比。5.除了Hatchobori Kumiyashiki(镇长的警长)外，Gokenin的住宅分布在江户城堡外部微尘之外，Gokenin是幕府最底层的家臣。在他们的住宅区内，存在着阶级差异。警长的一部分Kumiyashiki被租给了镇上的人，后来和一位镇长一起成为了镇上的居民区。

This study analyzes a plane of a main house, arrangement of various buildings in the residential site, and allotment of the residential site of a Hatamoto residence that is an important component of the Samurai residential zone in the Edo period, and then clarifies a design method of the Samurai residential zone and an urban landscape in Edo. Study results are as follows.1. A plane of a Hatamoto residence is divided to four sections according to their function ; "the front" for receiving gusets ; "the middle interior" for the family head's administering public affairs and leading an everyday life ; "the back" for private life ; and "the kitchen, " a place for the family head's wife.2. The space of "the front" and "the kitchen" takes a quarter of the total space of the main house, irrespective of the size of it, requiring an area suitable to farmality.3. "The middle interior" is omitted in case of a small residence. However, as the area of main house expands, the rate of occupation of "the middle interior" in the total space increases and the section for managing household affairs is also enlarged, both for reinforcement in residential function.4. The occupation rate of "the back" is inverse proportion to the size of main house. For "the back" is a private space and its function is limited.5.Except for Hatchobori Kumiyashiki (police sergents of a town magistrate), residences of Gokenin, the lowest level of the Shogun's retainers, are distributed outside of the outer mote of the Edo Castle. There are class differentials inside of their residential site. A part of the police sergents' Kumiyashiki was rented to townspeople and became a townfolk's zone later with a town headman.