The Effect of Water Works Layout to the Plot Planning of Artisan Dwelling Section in Castle Towns - The Study of Japanese Castle Towns in Term of the Water Works as Urban Facilities-

日本城镇的一个特点是城镇设施的丰富。城堡镇的规划理念在供水工程设计中得到了很好的体现，特别是饮用水工程。供水工程的结构分为明管式和暗管式。开放水域工程是专门为武士住宅区建造的，主要目的是在世纪末作为城堡城镇的防御手段。然后在世纪中期扩展为市民居住区。从17世纪20年代左右开始，从世纪中期开始全面使用地下水工程。从水工程的布置图可以看出，从武士住宅区的剩余水供给到市民区的系统化的水工程已经发生了变化。一个特殊的自来水系统被用于市民区的这些部分，这些部分由工匠居住，包括染匠和铁匠，他们的职业需要水，同时这些部分位于自来水工程的尖端。随着铁匠作坊从生产武器转向生产农具，这种特殊的系统变得不再必要，只有将工匠居住区放置在水厂末端的原则得以保留。

A characteristic of the Japanese castle towns is enrichment of town facilities. Castle-town planning philosophy is embodied clearly in a design of water works, in particular, to provide drinking water.The structure of water works is divided into an open duct type and a covered duct type. The open water works was constructed exclusively for a samurai residential zone with a primary purpose of a defensive means of castle towns in the end of the 16th century. It was then expanded to a townspeople dwelling zone around the mid-17th century. The covered water works was initiated in about 1620s and in full-scale use from the mid-17th century downward.Arrangement plans of water works show that a change was made from a way to provide surplus water of the samurai residential zone to the townspeople onne to a systematic water works to separate the townspeople zone from the samurai one. A special water works system was adopted for such sections of the townspeople zone that were lived by artisans including dyers and smiths requiring water for their callings, and at the same time these sections were located at the tip of the flow of water works. As works of smiths changed from production of weapons to that of farm implements, the special system became no longer necessary and only the principle of placing artisan dwelling sections at end of water works survived.