CELL BIOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF THE STRUCTURE AND MECHANISM OF INSECT PHOTOPERIODISM

(1)柞蚕脑内神经分泌细胞对抗视蛋白和抗视黄醇结合蛋白表现出免疫组化反应，表明这些细胞可能是光周期受体。(2)HPLC-ECD分析显示，柞蚕脑内肾上腺素和多巴胺含量在肾上腺素释放到血淋巴前达到峰值。结果表明，这些儿茶酚胺与从大脑释放促胸激素（pth）有因果关系。这些单胺样免疫组织化学反应位于大脑中含甲状旁腺激素细胞和含蚕豆素细胞的部位。滞育是通过冷却来终止的。HPLC-ECD分析显示低温对单胺代谢有影响。在中温条件下，单胺氧化酶活性高，而在低温条件下，n -乙酰转移酶活性被激活。(3)比较了滞育维持光周期和滞育终止光周期以及两种蚁科昆虫的体外甾体激素滴度。两个物种的滞育在激活光周期10个周期后终止，但yamamai的组成相对较高的滴度持续存在，而pernyi的滴度在表皮甾体释放停止后处于基线水平。两种血淋巴氨基酸组成差异显著；缬氨酸在山竹中最高，在山竹中较低。

(1)Neurosecretory cells in the brain of Antheraea silkmoth showed immunohistochemical reactivities against antiopsin and anti-retinol binding protein, which shows the possibility that these cells are the photoperiodic receptors.(2)HPLC-ECD analysis revealed that both adrenalin and dopamine contents peaked in the brain of Antheraea pernyi before ecdisteroids started being released into hemolymph. The result suggests that theses catecolamines are causally involved in the prothoracicotropic hormone(PTTH) release from the brain. These monoamine like immunohistochemical reactivities were located in the sites of both PTTH containing cells and bombyxin containing cells in the brain.Diapause of A.pernyi is terminated by chilling. HPLC-ECD analysis revealed that low temperature affects monoamine metabolism. At intermediate temperatures MAO(monoamine oxidase) activity is high but at low temperatures NAT(N-acetyltransferase) is activated.(3)We compared ecdysteroid titers both between under diapause maintaining photoperiod and under diapause terminating photoperiod and between the two Anteraea species. Diapause of both species was terminated by ten cycles of activating photoperiod but constitutively relatively high titer persisted in A.yamamai but the titer was at the base line level in A.pernyi when ecdysteroid release stopped. Hemolymph amino acid compositions of the two species were drastically different ; valine was the highest in A.yamamai but low in A.pernyi.