University Attached Research Institutes in Interwar Japan

日本从第一次世界大战的科学动员中吸取了教训，开始重组和加强国家的研究和开发体系。作为其中的一部分，政府建立了几个基础研究机构。理化研究所（Riken）就是一个著名的例子。另一个例子是农业和商务部下属的氮素研究特设研究所。三是大学附属研究机构。第一个是东京大学附属流行病研究所。最初，流行病研究所是作为一个私人研究所成立的，后来转移到内务部下，又转移到东京大学。由于历史的原因，这个研究所的组织与学院的组织有所不同。第二个是东京大学附属的航空研究所。航空学是一个与陆军部、海军部和邮电部关系密切的部际研究领域。东北大学附属的冶金研究所和京都大学附属的化学研究所是早期成立的东京大学以外的例子。无论是在材料科学领域，这是一个基本的私人技术和基础的许多行业。这与东京大学附属的研究所形成了鲜明的对比，这些研究所基本上都是在公共技术领域。

Learned a lesson from the science mobilization in World War I,Japan began to reorganize and strengthen the national research and development system. As a part of it, the government established several basic research institutes. Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (Riken) was one of a well known example. Another example was Ad hoc Institute for Nitrogen Research under the Ministry of Agriculture and Commerce. The third were university attached research institutes.1. The first one was Institute for Epidemics attached to the University of Tokyo. Originally, Institute for Epidemics established as a private institute, then transferred to under the Ministry of Home Affairs, and again transferred to the University of Tokyo. As a result of the history, the organization of this institute was different compare to that of the faculty.2. The second one was Institute for Aeronautics attached to the Universtiy of Tokyo. Aeronautics was a inter-ministry research field which had close relations to the Ministries of Army, Navy and Posts and Telecommunication.3. Institute of Metallurgy attached to the University of Tohoku and Institute of Chemical Research attached to the University of Kyoto were examples outside of the University of Tokyo established early. Both in the field of material science, which was a basic private technology and the basis of many industries. It was a remarkable contrast to the institutes attached to the University of Tokyo, which were basically in the field of public technology.