From Archaic Law to Learned Law --From point of view of Formalistic Beginning of the Trial--

在本文中，我们将试图分析11世纪作为中世纪欧洲法律变革过程中的一股动力的重要性。十一世纪属于十世纪，同时也属于十二世纪。(1)我们可以说十一世纪是过去的一个侧面，这是通过苦难来证明的。真理的概念在人类和他周围的力量之间的宇宙中起作用，是欧洲历史上一个原始时期的共同基础，一直持续到1100年左右。但在圣安瑟伦的著作中，我们必须看到另一种真理的概念。我们可以从上帝的平安中看到，十一世纪是未来的预兆。在那个时候，它出现了代替旧的构成系统的刑罚，如1083年的科尔纳上帝的和平。从11世纪末开始，在欧洲许多国家，刑事司法的形式开始一点点地发生变化。(3)十一世纪的新旧两方面对审判形式主义开端的形成影响越来越大：审判形式主义开端的形成有赖于法院的系统化和异端社会的基督教化。

What we shall attempt in this paper is to analyze the importance of the eleventh century as a dynamic force in the course of change of law in medieval Europe.The eleventh century belonged to the tenth and at the same time to the twelfth century.(1) It is in the proof by means of ordeals that we can speak of the eleventh century as a side of the past. The concept of the Truth, which was working in the cosmos between human being and his surrounding powers, was common ground to a primitive period in European history, lasted until about 1100. But in the work of St.Anselm we must look at another concept of the Truth.(2) We can see in the Peace of God the eleventh century as a herald of the future. At that time it appears in stead of the old composition system the criminal penalty, as occurred in the Kolner Peace of God in 1083. From the end of the eleventh century, in many countries of Europe, the forms of criminal justice began to change little by little.(3) The old and new side of the eleventh century have influence increasingly on the formation of formalistic beginning of the trial : The formation depends on the systematization of courts and the Chiristianization of heretic society.