Umbrella Proposal for the HALO-(AC)³ Mission: Arctic Air-Mass Transformations During Warm Air Intrusions and Marine Cold Air Outbreaks

到目前为止，对北极气团变化的观测大多是从一个固定的局部位置进行的。据报道，在一个有限的区域内，只有很少的基于飞机的气团性质采样。这种欧拉的观点不允许观测气团沿其经向路径的变化过程，而这是模式验证所必需的。因此，我们提出了一种准拉格朗日方法，跟踪进出北极的气团，观察暖空气入侵和冷空气爆发期间的气团转变过程，其中我们重点关注暖空气入侵，这在过去很少观测到。这种准拉格朗日方法需要一个长航时机载设施，它可以携带观测所需的设备。HALO具有卓越的耐力和高起重能力，最适合这些观测。

So far, observations of air-mass transformations in the Arctic have mostly been conducted from a fixed local position. Only few aircraft-based samplings of air-mass properties over a limited regional area have been reported. This Eulerian point of view does not permit the observations of air-mass modifying processes along their meridional pathway, which are required for model validations. Therefore, we propose a quasi-Lagrange approach following air-masses to and from the Arctic to observe the air-mass transformation processes during warm air intrusions and cold air outbreaks, whereby we focus on warm air intrusions, which have been observed much less frequently in the past. This quasi-Lagrange approach requires a long-endurance airborne facility, which may carry the necessary equipment for the observations. HALO with its exceptional endurance and high lifting capacity is most suited for these observations.