Plant-insect partnership in wetland ecosystems

位于福井县的中凯米沼泽是日本西部仅存的几个天然低地沼泽地之一，栖息着许多濒临灭绝的沼泽植物和动物。1994 ~ 1995年，对该湿地35科64种植物的开花物候和昆虫群落进行了研究。从4月中旬至10月中旬，在花上共采集到昆虫纲8目215种936头。双翅目昆虫占优势（58%），其次为膜翅目（26%）、半翅目（6%）、鳞翅目（5%）和鞘翅目（5%）。食蚜蝇科是最丰富的科，可能是最重要的传粉媒介。蜜蜂群落的特点是占优势的地上筑巢蜂属，Hylaeus（Colletidae），其中最丰富的物种是一个小的，罕见的小记录种。Nakaikemi沼泽被认为是一个罕见的，重要的湿地栖息地，不仅拥有许多濒危植物和anthophilic昆虫物种，而且还培养了独特的昆虫-花卉关系。一些植物物种最初是由在森林地面筑巢的熊蜂授粉的，这表明沼泽地应该作为一个整体生态系统来保护，将沼泽地和邻近的林地结合起来。盐沼、滩涂和红树林。

Nakaikemi marsh, located in Fukui Prefecture, is one of only a few natural lowland marshlands left in western Japan, and harbors many endangered marsh plants and animals. Flowering phenology and anthophilous insect communities on 64 plant species of 35 families were studied in the marsh in 1994-95. A total of 936 individuals of 215 species in eight orders of Insecta were collected on flowers from mid April to mid October. The anthophilous insect community was characterized by dominance of Diptera (58% of individuals) and relative paucity of Hymenoptera (26%), Hemiptera (6%), Lepidoptera (5%), and Coleoptera (5%). Syrphidae was the most abundant family and probably the most important pollination agents. Bee community was characterized by dominance of an abovegroud nesting bee genus, Hylaeus (Colletidae), the most abundant species of which was a minute, rare little-recorded species. Nakaikemi marsh is regarded as a rare, important wetland habitat not only harboring many endangered plant and anthophilous insect species but also fostering unique insect-flower relationships. The presence of some plant species originally pollinated by bumblebees nesting at forest floor suggests that the marshland should be conserved as a whole ecosystem uniting the marshland and the neighboring woodlands.Plant-insect interactions were studied also in various types of wetlands, e.g., salt marshes, tidal flats and mangroves in Japan.