El Tuweina - Inventory of a residence in the the desert

El Tuweina定居点位于北苏丹巴尤达沙漠中部，位于上瓦迪阿布多姆南部集水区，大约在现代城市梅罗韦和阿特巴拉之间。它由三座建筑组成，一部分是石墙，一部分是泥砖墙，2013年(建筑试探)和2017-2019年(大规模挖掘)由西方大学(WWU)明斯特埃及学和科托图学研究所挖掘。整个建筑群可以追溯到摩罗纪晚期(公元3世纪左右)；在此期间，贝尤达中心是这种文化的边缘地区，主要是尼罗河流域的原住民。根据以往的调查结果，建筑等物质文化具有明确的自主性。WWU明斯特的调查项目“Wadi Abu Dom行程”(2009-2016)的结果指出，上瓦迪阿布多姆地区以田园经济为主，久坐不动的生活方式和经济概念紧密联系在一起。对2017年至2019年在El Tuweina发现的材料进行分析，旨在验证关于巴尤达中部社会和经济史的这些一般假设，并调查El Tuweina聚落复合体在中长期文化景观中的作用。对El Tuweina陶器和小遗址的分析首先是为了回答关于中部巴尤达文化与区域间占主导地位的梅洛伊特文化之间的文化联系程度的问题。这也为梅罗伊特帝国的国家结构对人烟稀少的周边地区的政治和行政影响提供了间接的结论。对植物和动物样本的分析主要是为了回答当时人口的经济基础问题。主要问题是，是否要证实以前的印象，即主要以田园结构和流动模式为特征的自给自足的经济，对尼罗河流域的依赖微乎其微。另一个特别的问题是，梅罗伊特时期巴尤达中部的人口是否属于所谓的“牛群”文化(这也意味着尼罗语或富拉尼语社区的社会文化延续)。

The settlement complex of El Tuweina is located in the central Bayuda Desert in North Sudan in the southern catchment area of the upper Wadi Abu Dom, about halfway between the modern cities of Merowe and Atbara. It consists of a coherent complex of three structures, partly made of stone walls, partly made of mud brick walls, which were excavated in 2013 (architectural test soundings) and 2017-2019 (large-scale excavation) by the Institute of Egyptology and Coptology at the Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität (WWU) Münster.The building ensemble dates back to the late Meroitic period (ca. 3rd century A.D.); during this time, the central Bayuda was a peripheral area of this culture, which is mainly native to the Nile Valley. According to previous findings, architecture and other material culture have a clear degree of autonomy. The results of the survey project "Wadi Abu Dom Itinerary" (2009-2016) of the WWU Münster point to a predominantly pastoral economy with a close interlinking of sedentary and mobile lifestyle and economic concepts for the upper Wadi Abu Dom.The analysis of the find material recovered in El Tuweina between 2017 and 2019 is intended to verify these general assumptions about the social and economic history of the central Bayuda, as well as to investigate the role of el Tuweina settlement complex within the middle as well as long ranged cultural landscape.The analysis of ceramics and small finds from El Tuweina is intended above all to answer the question about the extent of the cultural connection of the cultures of the central Bayuda to the interregionally dominant Meroitic culture. This also allows indirect conclusions about the political-administrative influence of the state structures of the Meroitic Empire towards the sparsely populated periphery.The analysis of botanical and zoological samples is primarily intended to answer the question of the economic basis of the population of that time. The main question is whether the previous impression of a subsistence economy, which is mainly characterized by pastoral structures and mobility patterns with only marginal dependence on the Nile Valley, are to be verified. Another particular question is whether the population of the central Bayuda during the Meroitic period are part of the so-called "cattle complex" cultures (which would also imply socio-cultural continuities to recent Nilotic or Fulani speaking communities).