STUDY OF ADAPTABILITY OF SPATIAL ORIENTATION

1.空间定向失败的观察--科里奥利力诱发眼动的分析用CCD摄像机记录了正常人在不可见和可见环境中头部倾斜于旋转椅（120 o/s）时的眼动。在不可见的环境中，扭转和垂直眼球震颤分别诱发俯仰和滚动头部运动。与此相反，在可见的环境中，空间眼运动的轴总是保持垂直。结果表明，眼球运动受大脑中代表外部世界框架的向量的影响。在不可见的环境中，临时加速度矢量引起补偿性眼球运动。由于在可见的环境中，外部世界的速度矢量被加入了一个临时诱发的加速度矢量，因此内部框架的矢量在空间上保持垂直。2.空间定向训练效果的观察--在轨道上站立的训练效果进行了研究。12名年轻女性受试者每天在栏杆上站立30次。训练一直持续到他们可以每天至少15次站在栏杆上60秒。受试者分为6组，分别在1.5cm、2.0cm和2.5cm宽的栏杆上睁眼站立，在3.0cm、4.0cm和5.0cm宽的栏杆上闭眼站立。在睁眼和闭眼条件下，训练效果有显著差异。然而，一个共同的变化模式的立场持续时间的分布被发现，无论视觉条件和宽度的铁路。研究结果表明，支撑条件和视觉条件决定了人体站立时压力中心的分布面积，训练使压力中心的分布面积以一定的速率减小。

1.Observation of failure of spatial orientation-analysis of Coriolis' force-induced eye movementsEye movements were recorded by a CCD video-camera in normal subjects who tilted their head on a rotating chair (120o/s) in invisible and visible surroundings. In invisible surroundings, torsional and vertical nystagmus were evoked by pitching and rolling head movements, respectively. In contrast, the axs of spatial ocular movements in visible surroundings were always maintained vertical. The results infer that eye movements are subjected to the vector which represents a framework of the outer world in the brain. In invisible surroundings, temporary acceleration vector provokes compensatory eye movements. Since a temporarily-evoked acceleration vector is added to the velocity vector of the outer world in visible surroundings, the vector of the internal framework is maintained spatially vertical.2.Observation of sharpening of spatial orientation-training effect on stadning on a railDaily training effect on standing on a rail was investigated. Twelve female young subjects performed standing on a rail 30 times everyday. Training was continued until they could stand on a rail for 60s at least 15 times a day. Subjects were divided into six groups for standing with eyes open on a rail of 1.5cm-, 2.0cm- and 2.5cm- width, and standing with eyes closed on a rail of 3.0cm-, 4.0cm- and 5.0cm-width. Under open- as well as closed eyes conditons, there was a marked variation in the training effect. However, a common changing pattern in the distribution of stance durations was found irrespective of visual condition and width of a rail. The findings suggest that the distribution area of a center of pressure during standing is determined by supporting and visual conditons, and that the distribution area is made smaller at a fixed rate by training.