Coordination Funds

DFG的研究单位“红星周围的蓝色行星”利用了来自附近冷矮星周围行星的最大径向速度（RV）调查之一的科学数据。与五个西班牙合作机构和安达卢西亚的Calar Alto天文台一起，研究小组成员建造了两台自2016年1月1日起运行的专业光谱仪CARMENES。该联盟收到了750个（有用的）观测夜晚作为保证时间观测（GTO），用于寻找冷恒星周围的低质量行星。在第一个资助期内，研究组使我们能够充分利用我们调查的科学数据。第一阶段的结果包括发现了19颗行星，其中包括一颗围绕巴纳德星星（距离地球第二近的星星系统）的长周期行星，一颗围绕蒂加登星星（距离地球只有12光年的超冷矮星）的双行星系统，以及一颗围绕低质量星星运行的巨行星（GJ 3512 b的存在需要非标准的行星形成模式）。此外，研究股的主要成果包括对恒星的深入定性、长波长RV方法以及行星大气的分析。在这个更新的建议中，我们要求我们的研究单位的第二阶段，在此期间，我们希望继续对CARMENES数据的成功工作。在第二阶段，我们专注于行星及其大气层，我们的目标是包括对TESS卫星发现的凌日行星的分析。

The DFG Research Unit "Blue Planets around Red Stars" exploits scientific data from one of the largest radial velocity (RV) surveys for planets around nearby, cool dwarf stars. Together with five Spanish partner institutes and the Observatory Calar Alto in Andalucia, the Research Unit members built two specialized spectrographs CARMENES that are in operation since Jan 1, 2016. The consortium receives 750 (useful) observing nights as Guaranteed Time Observations (GTO), which are used for the search for low-mass planets around cool stars. During the first funding period, the Research Unit enabled us to fully exploit the scientific data from our survey. The results from the first period include the discovery of 19 planets, among them highlights like a long-period planet around Barnard's star (the second closest star system to Earth), a two-planet system around Teegarden's star (an ultra-cool dwarf only 12 light years away), and a giant planet in orbit around a low-mass star (the existence of GJ 3512b requires non-standard modes of planet formation). Furthermore, in-depth characterization of the stars, of RV methods at long wavelengths, and the analysis of planetary atmospheres are among the key results of the Research Unit. In this renewal proposal, we are asking for the second phase of our Research Unit during which we want to continue the successful work on CARMENES data. For the second phase, we concentrate on the planets and their atmospheres, and we aim to include the analysis of transiting planets discovered by the TESS satellite.